A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and short‐term exposure to bright light in prevention of decrements in cognitive performance and mood during prolonged Antarctic residence

Palinkas, Lawrence A.; Reedy, Kathleen R.; Shepanek, Marc; Reeves, Dennis; Case, H. Samuel; Do, Nhan; Reed, H. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03669.x

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Changes in the HPA axis were also detected. Supplements of levothyroxine and exposure to bright light (10,000 lux) during winter had beneficial effects on the observed mood alterations (35,40). During the early adaptation phase (1 mo) of the Concordia winter-over crew in 2008, cortisol levels and stress questionnaires did not report higher stress levels.…”

Section: Antarctica a Testbed For Real Exploration Type Isolation Comentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Providing good nutrition and dietary supplements can prevent disease. This could involve previously mentioned levothyroxine (35) or vitamin D (69) supplements. Furthermore, physical exercise was found to be beneficial for a balanced mood in Antarctica (1) and during Mars500 (42).…”

Section: Coping Strategies and Countermeasures In Space Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, physical exercise was found to be beneficial for a balanced mood in Antarctica (1) and during Mars500 (42). Sleeping disorders and disruption of the circadian cycle can be reduced at least in part with the use of an artificial zeitgeber, e.g., 10, 000 lux bright white light (35). Core social coping strategies involve team-building exercises, team activities, or entertainment and access to communication such as "support from home."…”

Section: Coping Strategies and Countermeasures In Space Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of isolation and confinement on humans-implications for manned space explorations

Pagel¹,

Choukèr²

2016

Journal of Applied Physiology

105

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Human psychology and physiology are significantly altered by isolation and confinement. In light of planned exploration class interplanetary missions, the related adverse effects on the human body need to be explored and defined as they have a large impact on a mission's success. Terrestrial space analogs offer an excellent controlled environment to study some of these stressors during a space mission in isolation without the complex environment of the International Space Station. Participants subjected to these space analog conditions can encounter typical symptoms ranging from neurocognitive changes, fatigue, misaligned circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, altered stress hormone levels, and immune modulatory changes. This review focuses on both the psychological and the physiological responses observed in participants of long-duration spaceflight analog studies, such as Mars500 or Antarctic winter-over. They provide important insight into similarities and differences encountered in each simulated setting. The identification of adverse effects from confinement allows not only the crew to better prepare for but also to design feasible countermeasures that will help support space travelers during exploration class missions in the future.

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Section: Antarctica a Testbed For Real Exploration Type Isolation Comentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Coping Strategies and Countermeasures In Space Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coping Strategies and Countermeasures In Space Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of isolation and confinement on humans-implications for manned space explorations

Pagel¹,

Choukèr²

2016

Journal of Applied Physiology

105

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“…The question is not resolved as to whether the overall level of TSH is higher or the rhythm has shifted. However, interestingly when bright light treatment was compared with thyroxine/triiodothyronine supplementation, the bright light was efficient at decreasing TSH, increasing fT3, and prevented anger and depressive symptoms in winter (Palinkas et al, 2010). A change in rhythm is likely to have been evoked by the light treatment and may be the primary explanation for these observations.…”

Section: Polar Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Rhythms During Residence in Polar Regions

Arendt¹

2012

Chronobiology International

127

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At Arctic and Antarctic latitudes, personnel are deprived of natural sunlight in winter and have continuous daylight in summer: light of sufficient intensity and suitable spectral composition is the main factor that maintains the 24-h period of human circadian rhythms. Thus, the status of the circadian system is of interest. Moreover, the relatively controlled artificial light conditions in winter are conducive to experimentation with different types of light treatment. The hormone melatonin and/or its metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) provide probably the best index of circadian (and seasonal) timing. A frequent observation has been a delay of the circadian system in winter. A skeleton photoperiod (2 × 1-h, bright white light, morning and evening) can restore summer timing. A single 1-h pulse of light in the morning may be sufficient. A few people desynchronize from the 24-h day (free-run) and show their intrinsic circadian period, usually >24 h. With regard to general health in polar regions, intermittent reports describe abnormalities in various physiological processes from the point of view of daily and seasonal rhythms, but positive health outcomes are also published. True winter depression (SAD) appears to be rare, although subsyndromal SAD is reported. Probably of most concern are the numerous reports of sleep problems. These have prompted investigations of the underlying mechanisms and treatment interventions. A delay of the circadian system with “normal” working hours implies sleep is attempted at a suboptimal phase. Decrements in sleep efficiency, latency, duration, and quality are also seen in winter. Increasing the intensity of ambient light exposure throughout the day advanced circadian phase and was associated with benefits for sleep: blue-enriched light was slightly more effective than standard white light. Effects on performance remain to be fully investigated. At 75°S, base personnel adapt the circadian system to night work within a week, in contrast to temperate zones where complete adaptation rarely occurs. A similar situation occurs on high-latitude North Sea oil installations, especially when working 18:00–06:00 h. Lack of conflicting light exposure (and “social obligations”) is the probable explanation. Many have problems returning to day work, showing circadian desynchrony. Timed light treatment again has helped to restore normal phase/sleep in a small number of people. Postprandial response to meals is compromised during periods of desynchrony with evidence of insulin resistance and elevated triglycerides, risk factors for heart disease. Only small numbers of subjects have been studied intensively in polar regions; however, these observations suggest that suboptimal light conditions are deleterious to health. They apply equally to people living in temperate zones with insufficient light exposure.

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“…Pääkkönen's research suggests that the reason this occurs may have more to do with the darkness of winter than to its cold temperatures. A recently published study by Palinkas and colleagues (6) has shown that thyroid hormones, like melatonin, are also light sensitive and can be influenced by even limited exposure to light therapy during the SPECIAL EDITORIAL winter. Future research in the Antarctic might therefore benefit by examining the role played by darkness, either independently or in combination with, the cold in energy dynamics and its behavioral correlates in the Antarctic.…”

Section: Special Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and short‐term exposure to bright light in prevention of decrements in cognitive performance and mood during prolonged Antarctic residence

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of isolation and confinement on humans-implications for manned space explorations

Effects of isolation and confinement on humans-implications for manned space explorations

Biological Rhythms During Residence in Polar Regions

Coming out of the cold and stepping into the light: human adaptation in high latitude environments

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