A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of casein protein hydrolysate (C12 peptide) in human essential hypertension

Townsend, Raymond R.; McFadden, Christopher B.; Ford, Virginia; Cadée, Jenny A.

doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.06.018

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Moreover, Sekyia et al (38) and Sugai (39) did not use control groups. Double-blinding was reported only by Cadée et al (42) and Townsend et al (41) . Taken together, the five trials appear to have a high risk of bias, which weakens the strength of evidence supporting their conclusions.…”

Section: Impact Of Milk Consumption On Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Many factors can contribute to the variability in BP, independently of the intervention, such as the central nervous system (58) . Office BP measurements were performed by sphygmomanometer in the majority of studies, with only a few using 24 h ABPM (41,46,51) . However, there is evidence that 24 h ABPM is a better predictor of CVD risk, since it measures BP more accurately, and has been reported to be more reproducible and can help to eliminate the 'white-coat effect' (59) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 4 weeks, SBP and DBP were reduced by 10·7 mmHg (P, 0·05) and 6·9 mmHg (P, 0·05), respectively, compared with baseline. It is of note that the trials of Sugai (39) , Sekyia et al (38) , Ashar & Chand (37) and Townsend et al (41) were in small groups and may have been underpowered. Their subjects were unevenly and, in most cases, not randomly assigned to the treatment groups.…”

Section: Impact Of Milk Consumption On Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stimulated the launch of a soft drink containing the bioactive peptide called Casein DP Peptio Drink (Canebo Co. Ltd) in Japan. Two subsequent clinical trials evaluated the hypotensive effects of the same casein hydrolysate, with the commercial name C12 Peption (DMV International) in Europe (37,41) . Townsend et al (41) performed an acute, randomised, single-blind, cross-over pilot study in ten hypertensive participants who were assigned randomly to one of the five treatment regimens (100 mg C12; 200 mg C12; 50 mg C12 þ 877 mg alginic acid; 100 mg C12 þ 1754 mg alginic acid; placebo).…”

Section: Impact Of Milk Consumption On Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two subsequent clinical trials evaluated the hypotensive effects of the same casein hydrolysate, with the commercial name C12 Peption (DMV International) in Europe (37,41) . Townsend et al (41) performed an acute, randomised, single-blind, cross-over pilot study in ten hypertensive participants who were assigned randomly to one of the five treatment regimens (100 mg C12; 200 mg C12; 50 mg C12 þ 877 mg alginic acid; 100 mg C12 þ 1754 mg alginic acid; placebo). Significant reductions in BP were only seen in the group consuming the high dose of C12 (100 mg) combined with alginic acid (1754 mg): 2 9·2 mmHg in SBP 6 h after oral administration compared with 2 h after (42) 48 , ingestion (P¼0·02), and 26·0 mmHg in DBP 6 h after oral administration compared with 2 h (P¼0·015).…”

Section: Impact Of Milk Consumption On Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of milk proteins and peptides on blood pressure and vascular function: a review of evidence from human intervention studies

2013

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CVD are the leading cause of death worldwide. Hypertension, a major controllable risk factor of CVD, is intimately associated with vascular dysfunction, a defect which is also now recognised to be a major, modifiable risk factor for the development of CVD. The purpose of the present review was to critically evaluate the evidence for the effects of milk proteins and their associated peptides on blood pressure (BP) and vascular dysfunction. After a detailed literature search, the number of human trials evaluating the antihypertensive effects of caseinderived peptides (excluding isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline) was found to be limited; the studies were preliminary with substantial methodological limitations. Likewise, the data from human trials that examined the effects of whey protein and peptides were also scarce and inconsistent. To date, only one study has conducted a comparative investigation on the relative effects of the two main intact milk proteins on BP and vascular function. While both milk proteins were shown to reduce BP, only whey protein improved measures of arterial stiffness. In contrast, a growing number of human trials have produced evidence to support beneficial effects of both milk proteins and peptides on vascular health. However, comparison of the relative outcomes from these trials is difficult owing to variation in the forms of assessment and measures of vascular function. In conclusion, there is an accumulating body of evidence to support positive effects of milk proteins in improving and/or maintaining cardiovascular health. However, the variable quality of the studies that produced this evidence, and the lack of robust, randomised controlled intervention trials, undermines the formulation of firm conclusions on the potential benefits of milk proteins and peptides on vascular health.

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Section: Impact Of Milk Consumption On Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%