A randomized controlled trial on the psychophysiological effects of physical exercise and Tai-chi in patients with chronic schizophrenia

Ho, Rainbow T. H.; Fong, Ted C. T.; Wan, Adrian H. Y.; Au-Yeung, Friendly S.W.; Wong, Cathy Pui Ki; Ng, Winnie Yuen Han; Cheung, Irene; Lo, Phyllis H. Y.; Ng, Siu Man; Chan, Cecilia L. W.; Chen, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.038

Cited by 78 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…), visiting places where they can discover new things and doing things they like make individuals happy. It is known that happiness will benefit both psychologically and physiologically because a happy person has a high life quality (Ho et al, 2016). In our study, no finding was found in the literature that can explain the decline in post-test positivity scores in the control group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

The Effect of Sport on the Level of Positivity and Well-Being in Adolescents Engaged in Sport Regularly

Bakır

Kangalgil²

2017

JETS

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Sport, an element of universal culture, is a prominent tool that brings individuals with different languages, races and religions together. Sport is generally defined as activities that positively affect the psychological health of people and bring about social and moral benefits besides its physical benefits. Mental well-being is defined as the individual's awareness of their own abilities, their abilities to overcome stress in life, being productive and useful in business life and contributing to community via the their ability (WHO, 2004). Positivity is defined as the main determinant of subjective well-being and is expressed as a tendency to evaluate all aspects of life that is already good. This study aimed to investigate whether sport is effective on mental well-being and positivity. In the study pre-test, post-test experimental design with control group was used and "Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being (WEMWBS)" scale developed by Tennant et al. (2007), which was adapted into Turkish by Keldal (2015) and "The Positivity Scale" scale developed by Caprara and et al. (2012), and adapted into Turkish by Çıkrıkçı, Çiftçi and Gençdoğan (2015) were used as the data collection tools. When the original form of mental wellbeing scale compared with its version adapted into Turkish are compared, the reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha was found to be as .92. On the other hand, the internal consistency coefficient for the Positivity Scale was found to be .75 and its test-retest reliability coefficient was found to be .91. As parametric assumptions are met, Variance Analysis, Tukey test, Paired-Samples t-test was used. For the analysis of data obtained through counting, Chi Square was used and level of significance was taken as 0.05. The study group is composed by forming 3 groups of 20 students from 10th grade students. The groups were equalled in terms of some variables like age, gender, sports background etc. The groups were called as the sports activities group, social activities group and the control group. While the participants in the experimental group were engaged in regular and scheduled sports activities including training and contests, the participants in the social activities group engaged in regular social activities. The participants in the control group led their routine lives. After a period of 10 weeks, the tests given at the beginning of the study were administrated again, and test scores of the students in all three groups were compared.According to the results of the study, when the pre-test and post-test positivity scores of the individuals in all three groups were compared, the differences between the groups were not found to be insignificant (p>0.05). When post-test mental well-being scores were compared, the difference was found significant (p<0.05). It was seen that the source of difference was between the sports activities group and the control group.In terms of positivity scores, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the sports activities group and the social...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

The Effect of Sport on the Level of Positivity and Well-Being in Adolescents Engaged in Sport Regularly

Bakır

Kangalgil²

2017

JETS

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“…First, the sample size was small, and convenience sampling was used; therefore, the results will not be generalizable. In comparison with a large-scale study in Japan, the average age of this sample (59.4 ± 12.1 years) was relatively older than that of the large scale study (51.9 ± 11.6 years) [8, 21, 26]. Advanced age may affect the relationship between physical activity and neurocognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Moreover, Kimhy et al [9] reported a positive association between maximum oxygen consumption and neurocognitive function in schizophrenia outpatients. Kimhy et al [20] and Ho et al [21] has conducted an RCT of exercise in outpatients with schizophrenia and reported that the aerobic group showed greater improvements in neurocognitive functions than the control (treatment as usual) group. Thus, physical activity appears to differentially relate to the neurocognitive functioning of inpatients and outpatients, with clear benefits in outpatients but not in inpatients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between physical activity and neurocognitive domain functions in patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

Kurebayashi

Otaki

2017

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundNeurocognitive dysfunction is a critical target symptom of schizophrenia treatment. A positive correlation between physical activity level and neurocognitive function has been reported in healthy individuals, but it is unclear whether such a correlation exists in patients with schizophrenia and whether the relationship is different according to inpatients or outpatients. This study aimed to examine the differences in the correlations between physical activity and multiple neurocognitive domains in inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia and obtain suggestions for further study to facilitate this field.MethodsTwenty-nine patients with schizophrenia were examined (16 inpatients and 13 outpatients, 56.0 ± 11.4 years of age). Current symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and neurocognitive functions using Cognitrax, which yields a composite neurocognitive index (NCI) and 11 domain scores. After testing, participants wore an HJA-750C accelerometer for one week to measure physical activity levels and durations. Partial correlation analyses were performed between exercise and cognitive parameters.ResultsIn the outpatient group, higher physical activity was associated with faster Motor and Psychomotor Speeds in outpatients. However, higher physical activity was associated with lower overall NCI, Attention score, and Memory scores in inpatients.ConclusionAlthough higher physical activity was associated with better neurocognitive functions of outpatients, in inpatients with non-remitted schizophrenia, higher physical activity was associated with worsening of several cognitive domains. In a future study examining the relationship between physical activity and neurocognitive function for facilitating this research field, separation between inpatients and outpatients are needed because the relationship is different between inpatients and outpatients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1176-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Through practice, participants could experience improvements in physical health and flexibility and might have felt happier and more relaxed. Subsequently, their negative symptoms were improved [23]. However, no significant improvements were found in the positive symptoms for patients with schizophrenia; this might be because positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions are normally controlled by antipsychotic medications rather than rehabilitation therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the world, Tai-chi is regarded as a mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise based on Eastern health philosophy [21,22]. Through cultivation of psychological focus, relaxation, bodily coordination, and control, Tai-chi can potentially reduce psychopathological and negative symptoms [23] such as social withdrawal and other mood disturbances, decrease aggression rates [24], and enhance physical and mental quality of life [25,26] and other psychological outcomes [26,27]. Tai-chi originated and is mostly practiced in China [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Community-Based Social Skills Training and Tai-Chi Exercise on Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized, One-Year Study

Kang

Wu²,

Li³

et al. 2016

Psychopathology

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Background: Antipsychotic drugs are limited in their ability to improve negative symptoms, quality of life, and medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. The addition of nonpharmacological interventions like social skills training has a positive effect on medication adherence and decreases rehospitalization rates but is limited in improving patients' symptoms, aggressive behaviors, and quality of life. Aerobic exercise, especially Tai-chi, can potentially reduce psychopathological and negative symptoms, decrease aggressive behaviors, and improve quality of life. It is an ideal rehabilitation intervention for patients with schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated the effects of social skills training plus Tai-chi on outcomes among outpatients with schizophrenia. This study analyzes the effect of antipsychotics combined with community-based integrated interventions on outcomes of schizophrenia. Methods: In this study, a 24-session social skills training plus Tai-chi was used in community settings among patients with schizophrenia. A total of 244 patients were randomly assigned to medication treatment alone (MTA group) or community-based integrated intervention (CBII group), which accepted social skills training plus Tai-chi in addition to medication treatment. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the intervention effect (group effect), intervention effect over time (time effect), and interaction effect (group × time effect). t tests were used to evaluate between-group differences on clinical variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the differences between the intervention at 12 months and baseline for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptoms and quality of life-social domain. Results: Compared with the MTA group, the CBII group had lower scores on PANSS (F = 17.312, p < 0.001) and negative symptoms (F = 44.909, p < 0.001), a lower risk for aggressive behavior (F = 12.382, p < 0.001), and a greater improvement in adherence to medication (F = 12.391, p < 0.001) after 1 year of intervention. The changes in PANSS total scores, negative scores, and social domain of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) from baseline to 12 months were significant between the two groups (PANSS total score: t = 4.839, p < 0.001; negative symptoms: t = 8.250, p < 0.001, and quality of life-social domain: t = -2.171, p = 0.031). Multiple linear regression analysis also showed that the intervention was significantly effective for changes from baseline to 12 months on PANSS total score (B = 0.804, p < 0.001), negative score (B = 0.709, p < 0.001), and social domain of quality of life (B = -0.673, p = 0.044). Conclusions: This study suggested that the community-based integrated intervention such as social skills training plus Tai-chi should be part of a rehabilitation effort for patients with schizophrenia in order to improve clinical symptoms, quality of life, and medication adherence.

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A randomized controlled trial on the psychophysiological effects of physical exercise and Tai-chi in patients with chronic schizophrenia

Cited by 78 publications

References 33 publications

The Effect of Sport on the Level of Positivity and Well-Being in Adolescents Engaged in Sport Regularly

The Effect of Sport on the Level of Positivity and Well-Being in Adolescents Engaged in Sport Regularly

Correlations between physical activity and neurocognitive domain functions in patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

Effect of Community-Based Social Skills Training and Tai-Chi Exercise on Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized, One-Year Study

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