A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Improve Whole-Person Lifestyle

Abstract

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of a motivational interviewing intervention to improve whole-person lifestyle and reduce cardiovascular disease risk profile. A sample of 111 adults with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension was recruited from a primary care physician practice. The intervention was facilitated by a program specialist trained in motivational interviewing. Outcomes included body mass index, cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, waist circumference, wellness scores, and substance use. Differences in the changes in body mass index and waist circumference existed between the intervention and control groups after 6 months. In the intervention group, the proportion of high wellness scores increased after the program. A whole-person lifestyle intervention with motivational interviewing for patients with metabolic syndrome can improve one’s health in terms of components in the cardiovascular disease risk profile, as well as overall wellness. Efforts to improve the health of these patients may incorporate motivational interviewing to guide goal setting and address mental and spiritual health in addition to physical health.

Current status of adherence interventions in hypertension management in Asian countries: A report from the HOPE Asia Network

“…And in terms of behavioral aspects of adherence intervention, our results showed some discrepancy between “Often” used patient‐centeredness and/or empowerment of patients and “Never” used motivational interviewing. Because these approaches are within the same spirit or principles, more formal education or training on the concept of motivational strategy or behavioral intervention would improve the quality of overall adherence interventions 17,18 …”

Understanding patient experiences in a motivational interviewing intervention to improve whole-person lifestyle among individuals with hypertension or type 2 diabetes: a qualitative focus group study

“…The quantitative study findings showed statistically significant changes in BMI and waist circumference between the intervention and control groups at the 6-month follow-up (Sawyer et al, 2020). Also, the proportion of high total wellness scores, measured through self-reported data with the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (WEL) (Myers et al, 2004), in the intervention group increased after the wholeperson lifestyle intervention (Sawyer et al, 2020).…”

“…Effective behavioural prevention strategies are also needed to reduce the growing burden of CVD. Considering the links between individual health behaviours and cardiovascular health, interventions that focus on health behaviours, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking, may improve associated health outcomes and reduce costs to the health care system (LeFevre, 2014;Morton et al, 2014;Sawyer et al, 2020;Spring et al, 2013).…”

“…A whole-person health intervention was developed based on CREATION whole-person health elements to address behaviour change in individuals diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes recruited from a primary care office (Sawyer et al, 2020). CREATION is an acronym that stands for the eight whole-person health elements of choice, rest, environment, activity, trust, interpersonal relationships, outlook, and nutrition.…”

“…CREATION is an acronym that stands for the eight whole-person health elements of choice, rest, environment, activity, trust, interpersonal relationships, outlook, and nutrition. The definitions of these elements (Table I) were established through a literature search and focus groups of administrators, clinicians, patients, and families (Sawyer et al, 2020). These definitions were used as the foundation of this intervention.…”