A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Plastic-Housing BioSand Filter and Its Impact on Diarrheal Disease in Copan, Honduras

Aceituno, Anna; Stauber, Christine E.; Walters, Adam; E., Meza Sanchez, Rony; Sobsey, Mark D.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0066

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…As previously reported [13], households that agreed to participate in the toy study had similar characteristics in terms of water and sanitation conditions. Most (80%) households lacked access to improved sanitation as defined by the Joint Monitoring Program of the World Health Organization and the UN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In the water filter RCT [13], a total of 174 households were participating at the time of the pilot toy study, of which 89 households had plastic BSFs and 85 control households did not have them. All of these households were approached to participate in the study of bacterial contamination of children’s toys, and during the initial visit, a total 66 control households (78%) and 71 BSF households (80%) provided an existing toy to be sampled and gave informed consent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toys have been recognized as a potential fomite for the transmission of disease in settings in developed regions, but the extent to which they may also harbor and spread infectious diseases in regions with poor access to water for hygiene and sanitation uses is poorly characterized. This study was designed to test the use of children’s toys as a measure of fecal bacterial contamination in households within an existing randomized controlled trial (water filter RCT) of a household water treatment technology, the Hydraid Biosand filter (plastic BSF) [13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the concrete and plastic BSF models have recently been shown to improve microbiological water quality in the home and reduce diarrheal disease [13,14,15]. In 2008, researchers conducted an RCT of the plastic BSF in Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras [13]. This location was originally selected because of the lack of access to piped and/or bottled water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Contamination on Household Toys and Association with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in Honduras

Stauber

Walters

Aceituno

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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There is growing evidence that household water treatment interventions improve microbiological water quality and reduce diarrheal disease risk. Few studies have examined, however, the impact of water treatment interventions on household-level hygiene and sanitation. This study examined the association of four water and sanitation conditions (access to latrines, improved sanitation, improved water and the plastic biosand filter) on the levels of total coliforms and E. coli on existing and introduced toys during an on-going randomized controlled trial of the plastic biosand filter (plastic BSF). The following conditions were associated with decreased bacterial contamination on children’s toys: access to a latrine, access to improved sanitation and access to the plastic BSF. Overall, compared to existing toys, introduced toys had significantly lower levels of both E. coli and total coliforms. Results suggest that levels of fecal indicator bacteria contamination on children’s toys may be associated with access to improved water and sanitation conditions in the home. In addition, the fecal indicator bacteria levels on toys probably vary with duration in the household. Additional information on how these toys become contaminated is needed to determine the usefulness of toys as indicators or sentinels of water, sanitation and hygiene conditions, behaviors and risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bacterial Contamination on Household Toys and Association with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in Honduras

Stauber

Walters

Aceituno

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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“…Three and a half years following widespread filter deployment in a Cambodian rural setting, for example, only 10% of the filters remained in use (14), and the effects of filter use on the incidence of diarrheal disease is sometimes overshadowed by other factors such as seasonal rains, as observed in Honduras (15).…”

Section: Technical Approaches To Water Treatment At Point Of Usementioning

confidence: 98%

Clean water and sanitation in developing areas lacking conventional power

Leblanc

Arnold

2014

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea

Clasen

Alexander

Sinclair

et al. 2015

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

247

159

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BackgroundDiarrhoea is a major cause of death and disease, especially among young children in low-income countries. In these settings, many infectious agents associated with diarrhoea are spread through water contaminated with faeces.In remote and low-income settings, source-based water quality improvement includes providing protected groundwater (springs, wells, and bore holes), or harvested rainwater as an alternative to surface sources (rivers and lakes). Point-of-use water quality improvement interventions include boiling, chlorination, flocculation, filtration, or solar disinfection, mainly conducted at home.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register (11 November 2014), CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library, 7 November 2014), MEDLINE (1966 to 10 November 2014), EMBASE (1974 to 10 November 2014), and LILACS (1982 to 7 November 2014). We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, contacted researchers and organizations working in the field, and checked references from identified studies through 11 November 2014.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and controlled before-and-after studies (CBA) comparing interventions aimed at improving the microbiological quality of drinking water with no intervention in children and adults.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We used meta-analyses to estimate pooled measures of effect, where appropriate, and investigated potential sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analyses. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach.Main resultsForty-five cluster-RCTs, two quasi-RCTs, and eight CBA studies, including over 84,000 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most included studies were conducted in low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) (50 studies) with unimproved water sources (30 studies) and unimproved or unclear sanitation (34 studies). The primary outcome in most studies was self-reported diarrhoea, which is at high risk of bias due to the lack of blinding in over 80% of the included studies.Source-based water quality improvementsThere is currently insufficient evidence to know if source-based improvements such as protected wells, communal tap stands, or chlorination/filtration of community sources consistently reduce diarrhoea (one cluster-RCT, five CBA studies, very low quality evidence). We found no studies evaluating reliable piped-in water supplies delivered to households.Point-of-use water quality interventionsOn average, distributing water disinfection products for use at the household level may reduce diarrhoea by around one quarter (Home chlorination products: RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.91; 14 trials, 30,746 participants, low quality evidence; flocculation and disinfection sachets: RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.82, four trials, 11,788 participants, moderate quality evidence). However, there was substantial h...

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Plastic-Housing BioSand Filter and Its Impact on Diarrheal Disease in Copan, Honduras

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Bacterial Contamination on Household Toys and Association with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in Honduras

Bacterial Contamination on Household Toys and Association with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in Honduras

Clean water and sanitation in developing areas lacking conventional power

Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea

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