A Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Automated Wireless Messaging System for Diabetes

Leu, Michael G.; Norris, Thomas E.; Hummel, Jeffrey W.; Isaac, Margaret; Brogan, Michael W.

doi:10.1089/dia.2005.7.710

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a recent study, a two-way paging system sent an average of 3.2 messages per day. 30 In our cell phone group, users responded to 16.6% of reminders, similar to the 14% response rate in the pager study. Thus, it seems unrealistic to expect users to respond to every message received, although participants could have checked their BG level in response to the reminder prompt even if they did not reply to the reminder.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS): E-Mail and SMS Cell Phone Text Messaging Reminders to Support Diabetes Management

Hanauer

Wentzell

Laffel

et al. 2009

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

244

262

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Background: Cell phone text messaging, via the Short Messaging Service (SMS), offers the promise of a highly portable, well-accepted, and inexpensive modality for engaging youth and young adults in the management of their diabetes. This pilot and feasibility study compared two-way SMS cell phone messaging with e-mail reminders that were directed at encouraging blood glucose (BG) monitoring. Methods: Forty insulin-treated adolescents and young adults with diabetes were randomized to receive electronic reminders to check their BG levels via cell phone text messaging or e-mail reminders for a 3-month pilot study. Electronic messages were automatically generated, and participant replies with BG results were processed by the locally developed Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS). Participants set their schedule for reminders on the secure CARDS website where they could also enter and review BG data. Results: Of the 40 participants, 22 were randomized to receive cell phone text message reminders and 18 to receive e-mail reminders; 18 in the cell phone group and 11 in the e-mail group used the system. Compared to the e-mail group, users in the cell phone group received more reminders (180.4 vs. 106.6 per user) and responded with BG results significantly more often (30.0 vs. 6.9 per user, P ϭ 0.04). During the first month cell phone users submitted twice as many BGs as e-mail users (27.2 vs. 13.8 per user); by month 3, usage waned. Conclusions: Cell phone text messaging to promote BG monitoring is a viable and acceptable option in adolescents and young adults with diabetes. However, maintaining interest levels for prolonged intervals remains a challenge.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…24 SMS messaging appears ideal for sending and receiving small snippets of data, such as BG values. SMS messages have provided reminders for clinic visits, 25,26 tuberculosis medication compliance, 27 and asthma control, 28,29 as well as diabetes monitoring [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] in adults. Few studies have focused on teens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS): E-Mail and SMS Cell Phone Text Messaging Reminders to Support Diabetes Management

Hanauer

Wentzell

Laffel

et al. 2009

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

244

262

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“…Three studies (13,15,16) reported that .70% of participants were Caucasian or non-Hispanic white. In 13 studies, all participants had type 2 diabetes; 3 studies (12,17,18) included participants with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes; the percentage of participants with type 1 diabetes ranged from 19-26%. Six studies (11,17,(19)(20)(21)(22) reported mean duration of diabetes with a range of between 6 and 13 years.…”

Section: Descriptions Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the studies had HbA 1c as an outcome measure and 11 studies (13)(14)(15)(16)(18)(19)(20)(22)(23)(24)(25) provided enough data to combine in a meta-analysis, as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Based Interventions to Improve Self-management in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVEStructured patient education programs can reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications. However, people appear to have difficulties attending face-to-face education and alternatives are needed. This review looked at the impact of computerbased diabetes self-management interventions on health status, cardiovascular risk factors, and quality of life of adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe searched The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL for relevant trials from inception to November 2011. Reference lists from relevant published studies were screened and authors contacted for further information when required. Two authors independently extracted relevant data using standard data extraction templates. RESULTSSixteen randomized controlled trials with 3,578 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were delivered via clinics, the Internet, and mobile phones. Computerbased diabetes self-management interventions appear to have small benefits on glycemic control: the pooled effect on HbA 1c was 20.2% (22.3 mmol/mol [95% CI 20.4 to 20.1%]). A subgroup analysis on mobile phone-based interventions showed a larger effect: the pooled effect on HbA 1c from three studies was 20.50% (25.46 mmol/mol [95% CI 20.7 to 20.3%]). There was no evidence of improvement in depression, quality of life, blood pressure, serum lipids, or weight. There was no evidence of significant adverse effects. CONCLUSIONSComputer-based diabetes self-management interventions to manage type 2 diabetes appear to have a small beneficial effect on blood glucose control, and this effect was larger in the mobile phone subgroup. There was no evidence of benefit for other biological, cognitive, behavioral, or emotional outcomes.The burden of diabetes is growing, with 347 million people currently affected worldwide (1) and numbers projected to increase to 552 million by 2030 (2). The International Diabetes Federation suggests that in the developed world, the cost of caring for patients with diabetes is double that of the background population, and

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“…There was a nonsignificant reduction in HbA1c (-0.25 ± 0.94%, p < .10) and mean glucose values (-9.2 ± 25 mg/dl, p = .06) for the 6-month SMS period. Level 2b (limited) evidence from one good quality RCT 51 indicates that a self-managed wireless two-way pager able to send and receive text message reminders may improve metabolic control (average HbA1c decrease of 0.1%-0.3%). The primary outcome of this study was HbA1c, and secondary outcomes were blood pressure, patient perceptions of their disease and health care team, and if the pager system would improve their sense of well-being and adherence to the treatment plan.…”

Section: Cell Phones and Wireless Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Technologies for Monitoring and Managing Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Russell-Minda

Jutai

Speechley

et al. 2009

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Background: The primary objective of this review was to determine the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of self-monitoring devices and technologies for individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on specific health-related outcome measures. Self-monitoring devices included those that assist patients with managing diabetes and preventing cardiovascular complications (CVCs). A secondary objective was to explore issues of feasibility, usability, and compliance among patients and providers. Methods: Study criteria included individuals ≥14 years and youth (7–14 years) with T1DM or T2DM, intervention with a self-monitoring device, assessment of clinical outcomes with the device, literature in English, and ≥10 participants. Relevant published literature was searched from 1985 to 2008. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were included. Data were extracted for clinical outcomes, feasibility and compliance methods, and results. Selected studies were independently evaluated with a validated instrument for assessing methodological quality. Results: Eighteen trials were selected. Predominant types of device interventions included self-monitoring of blood glucose, pedometers, and cell phone or wireless technologies. Feasibility and compliance were measured in the majority of studies. Conclusions: Self-monitoring of blood glucose continues to be an effective tool for the management of diabetes. Wireless technologies can improve diabetes self-care, and pedometers are effective lifestyle modification tools. The results of this review indicate a need for additional controlled trial research on existing and novel technologies for diabetes self-monitoring, on health outcomes associated with diabetes and CVCs, and device feasibility and compliance.

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A Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Automated Wireless Messaging System for Diabetes

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS): E-Mail and SMS Cell Phone Text Messaging Reminders to Support Diabetes Management

Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS): E-Mail and SMS Cell Phone Text Messaging Reminders to Support Diabetes Management

Computer-Based Interventions to Improve Self-management in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Health Technologies for Monitoring and Managing Diabetes: A Systematic Review

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