A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of ethinyl estradiol during clomiphene citrate cycles among women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

The combination of CC and EE seems to increase the clinical pregnancy rate among women with PCOS undergoing intrauterine insemination. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01219101.

Does low‐dose aspirin improve pregnancy rate in women undergoing frozen‐thawed embryo transfer cycle? A pilot double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial

“…After observation of at least 7‐mm endometrial thickness, 100 mg progesterone in oil (Aburaihan Co.) was administered intramuscularly or a twice‐daily dose of 400 mg progesterone (800 mg) was given vaginally. A 4–8 MHz trans‐vaginal color Doppler probe (ProSound Alpha 10, Aloka) was used by an experienced radiologist the day after progesterone injection to obtain the uterine artery PI and RI as described previously …”

Effect of clomiphene citrate on endometrial thickness, ovulation, pregnancy and live birth in anovulatory women: systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…There were 33 RCTs comprising a total of 4349 women with WHO group II anovulation, undergoing 7210 treatment cycles. Of the 33 included studies, participants were women with PCOS (without CC resistance) in 25 studies, women with CC‐resistant PCOS in five studies, women with WHO group II anovulation (with or without PCOS) in two studies and women with WHO group II anovulation (without PCOS) in one study. The characteristics of these 33 included studies are listed in Table .…”

“…Pregnancy rate was reported in all RCTs except two; it was reported as clinical pregnancy rate except in four studies in which it was reported as a positive pregnancy test. Ovulation rate per cycle was reported in all RCTs except for four.…”

“…One study that compared CC with CC plus ethinyl estradiol showed EMT to be lower in the CC group (WMD, −0.80; 95% CI, −1.56 to −0.04), with a lower clinical pregnancy rate in the CC group (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13–0.89), while there was no statistical difference in ongoing pregnancy rate between the groups (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.15–1.09).…”

Effect of oral estrogen supplement on gonadotropin-induced intrauterine insemination: A retrospective cohort study

“…Estrogen is known to positively affect the pregnancyrelated endometrial thickness, cervical mucus, and uterine blood flow (6). Therefore, it may be possible to prevent events such as impaired endometrial development and decreased uterine blood flow, especially in IUI, with exogenous estrogen support.…”