A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes

Krishnan, Sridevi; Adams, Sean H.; Allen, Lindsay H.; Laugero, Kevin D.; Newman, John W.; Stephensen, Charles B.; Burnett, D. D.; Witbracht, Megan; Welch, Lucas; Que, Excel; Keim, Nancy L.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy113

Cited by 26 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A detailed description of the study design was reported by Krishnan et al [ 39 ]. This report is a secondary analysis based on the women who participated in the primary study examining the effects of whole food diets on cardiometabolic risk factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DGA diet contained more whole grains, low-fat dairy, polyunsaturated fat, vegetables, and fruit, while the TAD included more added sugars, refined grains, and solid fats. A specific nutrient breakdown, sample menus, and key products used to prepare meals were previously published [ 39 ]. The trial was conducted at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center in Davis, CA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measurements were repeated at the end of the 8-week intervention. A detailed description of the study timeline and measurements performed in this study can be found in the publication by Krishnan et al [ 39 ]. This trial was approved by the University of California, Davis Institutional Review Board and is registered (NCT02298725) at .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exploratory analyses were also performed to assess if the magnitude of departure from the participants’ usual pre-intervention diet quality mediated the effects of the intervention diet on perceived stress and physiological stress load. A primary report on the effect of the intervention on clinical risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease was recently published [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet Quality for Sodium and Vegetables Mediate Effects of Whole Food Diets on 8-Week Changes in Stress Load

2018

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Very little is known about how whole food diets, such as those based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), influence psychological stress and physiological stress load. To better understand the effects of whole food diets on stress, we examined in a randomized control trial the effects of a DGA-based diet on markers of psychological and physiological stress. A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-week intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women randomly assigned to one of two diet groups: a diet based on the 2010 DGA or a diet based on a Typical American Diet (TAD). The Perceived Stress Scale and allostatic load were used to assess stress load. Eight-week change in perceived stress did not significantly (p = 0.45) differ between the DGA (+0.53 ± 0.99) and TAD (−0.57 ± 0.99) groups. Likewise, 8-week change in allostatic load did not significantly (p = 0.79) differ between the two diet intervention groups (DGA: +0.001 ± 0.26 vs. TAD: +0.105 ± 0.28). However, we did find strong inverse associations between 8-week change in stress and intervention-based improvements in diet quality (lower sodium and higher vegetable consumption). When statistically accounting for these inverse associations, we found that perceived stress and allostatic load were higher (p < 0.04) in the DGA group. These findings suggest that improvements in dietary vegetable and sodium intake mediated effects of the diet intervention on psychological and physiological stress load. That is, adopting and adhering to a diet of higher quality (DGA) for 8 weeks may have been generally more stressful in the absence of improvements in vegetable or sodium consumption. This study provides further evidence for the mental health benefits of maximizing vegetable and minimizing sodium consumption.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet Quality for Sodium and Vegetables Mediate Effects of Whole Food Diets on 8-Week Changes in Stress Load

2018

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“…This theme is previously noted in the ARIC study 33,34 , as well as other U.S. populations 27 , for associations between healthy eating patterns and various chronic disease outcomes. Additionally, previous controlled feeding trials in individuals without diabetes showed little improvement in fasting markers of glycemic control when adopting a weight-maintenance Mediterranean pattern 7 or other heart healthy eating pattern [33][34][35][36][37] in the absence of body weight reductions >2 kilograms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Adherence to a Mediterranean-style eating pattern and risk of diabetes in a U.S. prospective cohort study

O’Connor

Steffen

et al. 2020

Nutr. Diabetes

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Background: A Mediterranean-style eating pattern is consistently associated with a decreased diabetes risk in Mediterranean and European populations. However, results in U.S. populations are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess whether a Mediterranean-style eating pattern would be associated with diabetes risk in a large, nationally representative U.S. cohort of black and white men and women. Methods: Participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study prospective cohort without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline (visit 1, 1987-1989; n = 11,991) were included (mean age 54 years, 56% female, 75% white). Alternate Mediterranean Diet scores (aMed) were calculated using the mean dietary intake selfreported at visit 1 and visit 3 (1993-1995) or visit 1 only for participants censored before visit 3. Participants were followed from visit 1 through 31 December 2016 for incident diabetes. We used Cox regression models to characterize associations of aMed (quintiles as well as per 1-point higher) with incident diabetes adjusted for energy intake, age, sex, race and study center, and education (Model 1) for all participants then stratified by race and body mass index (BMI). Model 2 included potential mediating behavioral and clinical measures associated with diabetes. Results are presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Over a median follow-up of 22 years, there were 4024 incident cases of diabetes. Higher aMed scores were associated with lower diabetes risk [Model 1: 0.83 (0.73-0.94) for Q5 vs Q1 (p-trend < 0.001) and 0.96 (0.95-0.98) for 1point higher]. Associations were stronger for black vs white participants (interaction p < 0.001) and weaker for obese vs normal BMI (interaction p < 0.01). Associations were attenuated but statistically significant in Model 2. Conclusions: An eating pattern high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fish, and moderate in alcohol was associated with a lower risk of diabetes in a community-based U.S. population.

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Temporal Associations Among Body Mass Index, Fasting Insulin, and Systemic Inflammation

et al. 2021

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A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Diet Quality for Sodium and Vegetables Mediate Effects of Whole Food Diets on 8-Week Changes in Stress Load

Diet Quality for Sodium and Vegetables Mediate Effects of Whole Food Diets on 8-Week Changes in Stress Load

Adherence to a Mediterranean-style eating pattern and risk of diabetes in a U.S. prospective cohort study

Temporal Associations Among Body Mass Index, Fasting Insulin, and Systemic Inflammation

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