A randomized controlled crossover trial of the effect of ginseng consumption on the immune response to moderate exercise in healthy sedentary men

Biondo, Patricia; Robbins, Sarah J.; Walsh, Jennifer D. WalshJ.D.; McCargar, Linda J.; Harber, Vicki J.; Field, Catherine J.

doi:10.1139/h08-080

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…4). These results differ somewhat from those of a study we conducted in sedentary young men [23], in which ginseng consumption reduced peripheral blood concentrations of CD8+ T cells but had no effect on CD28+ or CD45RO+ cells, or neutrophil function. These differences suggest that the effects of ginseng on the immune response to exercise may differ between men and women, an issue that deserves further study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…T cells, B cells, NK cells) measured at rest among endurance athletes [22]. In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial of North American ginseng consumption among healthy sedentary young men, we found that ginseng consumption for 35 days reduced peripheral blood CD8+ T cell concentrations and increased ex vivo IL-2 production, but otherwise had a limited effect on the immune response to exercise [23]. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily consumption of a standardized ginsenoside-containing North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) extract on immune function in a non-athletic population of women before, immediately after, and during recovery from an acute physiological stress (a moderate exercise protocol).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ginseng Consumption on the Immune Response to a Moderate Exercise Stress Protocol in Non-Athletic Women~!2008-07-27~!2009-04-04~!2010-07-06~!

Biondo¹,

McCargar²,

Harber³

et al. 2010

TONUTRJ

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Abstract:Background: Ginseng is a popular herbal remedy that has been proposed to increase resistance to stress and enhance immune function. Regular moderate exercise results in an acute physiological stress that affects immune function.Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily consumption of a standardized ginsenosidecontaining North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) extract on immune function before, immediately after, and during recovery from moderate exercise in healthy, non-athletic women. Research design and methods:A double-blinded randomized trial was conducted where healthy female subjects (n=12) were randomized to receive either ginseng (1125 mg/d; n=6) or placebo (n=6) for four weeks. An exercise test was performed and peripheral blood collected before and after the four-week treatment period. Immune assays (phenotype analysis, neutrophil function, lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell cytotoxicity) were performed before, immediately after, and 30 minutes post-exercise.Results: Ginseng-treated subjects had a lower (P<0.05) proportion of antigen mature CD4+CD45RO+ peripheral blood cells before and after exercise, and experienced a sustained reduction (P<0.05) in the proportions of total CD28+ and CD4+CD28+ cells during recovery from exercise. The ginseng group had significantly higher mitogen-stimulated neutrophil function (oxidative burst) at all exercise protocol time points (P<0.05). There were no effects of ginseng on the proportions of other immune cells, lymphocyte proliferation, or natural killer cell cytotoxicity in peripheral blood. Conclusions:The consumption of ginseng for a four-week period improved the ability of neutrophils to respond to stimulation and produced changes consistent with less T cell activation after an acute exercise stress.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ginseng Consumption on the Immune Response to a Moderate Exercise Stress Protocol in Non-Athletic Women~!2008-07-27~!2009-04-04~!2010-07-06~!

Biondo¹,

McCargar²,

Harber³

et al. 2010

TONUTRJ

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“…These results suggest that FRG-E has potent immunomodulatory properties by enhancing macrophage function, followed by the contribution of the potent anti-tumor activity of FRG in vivo. It is well documented that several ginsenosides from ginseng may contribute to the activation of systemic and mucosal immunity in rats by oral administration [27]. In addition, our previous data revealed that FRG-E seemed to increase anti-tumor activity compared to NFRG-E in a lung metastasis model of colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation of Korean Red Ginseng by Lactobacillus plantarum M-2 and Its Immunological Activities

Kim

Shin

Yoon

et al. 2011

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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We investigated ginsenoside transformation by fermentation of red ginseng with Lactobacillus plantarum M-2. We also examined the anti-metastasis and immune-stimulating activities of EtOH extracts of fermented red ginseng (FRG-E) in animal and human subjects. Total sugar decreased from 85.5 mg mL(-1) to 44.1 mg mL(-1) with increasing culture time during the fermentation with L. plantarum M-2. Uronic acid content reached a maximum level (534.3 μg mL(-1)) at 3 days of fermentation and decreased thereafter. Ginsenoside metabolites increased from 4,637.0 to 7,581.1 μg mL(-1) after 4 days. The prophylactic intraperitoneal injection of FRG-E (500 μg mouse(-1)) inhibited lung metastasis about 81.1%, while the inhibitory effect against tumor metastasis by treatment of EtOH extract from non-fermented red ginseng (NFRG-E) was 66.9%. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) levels in the serum of healthy subjects were higher after FRG-E administration than at baseline, whereas NFRG-E induced reductions of these variables related to immunity. At 1 week, the change in IgA level by FRG-E (5.14 mg mL(-1)) was significantly higher than that by NFRG-E (-14.50 mg mL(-1); p < 0.05). It was concluded that the immunological activities of FRG-E were higher than those of NFRG-E, indicating that fermentation helped enhance the immunological activities of red ginseng.

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“…fl Proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens (19) › Number of circulating neutrophils and monocytes (52) fl Number of circulating lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte › Monocyte and neutrophil phagocytosis (38) › CD4 + /CDB + ratio after strenuous and prolonged exercise fl Nasal neutrophil phagocytic capacity (transient suppression) (27) › Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (35,38) fl Expression of toll-like receptors (35) › Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 und IL-1ra › Cortisol production fl Levels of TNFa › CRP level (35) Lipolysis induction fl Th1/Th2 ratio (150) fl Nasal and salivary IgA level (27) fl Macrophage major histocompatibility complex class II expression (27,35,151) › T-memory (CD45RO + ) and T-nai¨ve (CD45RA + ) cell counts (154,156) › CD45RO + /CD45RA + ratio (154,156) fl -Alteration of regulatory mechanism (155) fl Levels of biomarkers that are used to assess systemic inflammation (mitogen-stimulated inflammatory cytokine production, skeletal muscle inflammatory protein content, adipokine production, serum levels at CRP) (35) fl Exercise-induced IL-6 mRNA response after 10 weeks of training (untrained young men) (157) fl Systemic concentrations of IL-6 in elderly people at risk for disability (158) Not suppress the salivary IgA response or alter cortisol secretion (159) CRP, C-reactive protein; NK, natural killer; Th, T helper; ›, increase; fl, decrease.…”

Section: Physical Activity: Immune Function: Infection: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(CD3+ , CD4+ , CD16+ and CD20+ ) counts, lymphocyte proliferation or neutrophil oxidative burst (150) .…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Nutrition Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, immunity and infection

et al. 2010

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During the last few decades, scientific evidence has confirmed a wide range of health benefits related to regular physical activity. How physical activity affects the immune function and infection risk is, however, still under debate. Commonly, intensive exercise suppresses the activity and levels of several immune cells, while other immune functions may be stimulated by moderate physical activity. With this knowledge, the understanding of the relationship between different levels of physical activity on the immune function has been raised as a potential tool to protect health not only in athletes but also in the general population; the mechanisms that translate a physically active lifestyle into good health continue to be investigated. Reviewing the literature, although several outcomes (i.e. the mechanisms by which different levels and duration of physical activity programmes affect numerous cell types and responses) remain unclear, given that the additional benefits encompass healthy habits including exercise, the use of physical activity programmes may result in improved health of elderly populations. Moderate physical activity or moderate–regulated training may enhance the immune function mainly in less fit subjects or sedentary population and the pre-event fitness status also seems to be an important individual factor regarding this relationship. Although adequate nutrition and regular physical activity habits may synergistically improve health, clinical trials in athletes using nutritional supplements to counteract the immune suppression have been inconclusive so far.Further research is necessary to find out to what extent physical activity training can exert an effect on the immune function.

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A randomized controlled crossover trial of the effect of ginseng consumption on the immune response to moderate exercise in healthy sedentary men

Cited by 24 publications

References 50 publications

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ginseng Consumption on the Immune Response to a Moderate Exercise Stress Protocol in Non-Athletic Women~!2008-07-27~!2009-04-04~!2010-07-06~!

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ginseng Consumption on the Immune Response to a Moderate Exercise Stress Protocol in Non-Athletic Women~!2008-07-27~!2009-04-04~!2010-07-06~!

Fermentation of Korean Red Ginseng by Lactobacillus plantarum M-2 and Its Immunological Activities

Physical activity, immunity and infection

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