A randomized clinical trial on<i>n</i>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and all-cause mortality in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk

Einvik, Gunnar; Klemsdal, Tor Ole; Sandvik, Leiv; Hjerkinn, Elsa M.

doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e328339cc70

Cited by 89 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3,18,20,22,24 There was no evidence that ω-3 FA reduced total mortality (Figure 3; RR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.86-1.04; P=0.28) or nonvascular mortality (RR=0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-1.11; P=0.65). The heterogeneity across the individual trial results for total mortality (I 2 =52.1%; P=0.007) was significant but once again it was hard to identify specific trials that caused this.…”

Section: Total Mortality and Nonvascular Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Seventeen studies done in 57 671 participants 2,3,10,[16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] reported 5956 deaths from any cause, and 5 studies reported 723 deaths of nonvascular origin that occurred among 13 913 individuals. 3,18,20,22,24 There was no evidence that ω-3 FA reduced total mortality (Figure 3; RR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.86-1.04; P=0.28) or nonvascular mortality (RR=0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-1.11; P=0.65).…”

Section: Total Mortality and Nonvascular Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The median age of the participants was 61 years, and 50% of the participants were male despite several studies being conducted exclusively in men. 2,17,18 Seventeen were multicenter trials, 2,3,9,10,16-28 and 2 were exclusively studies of primary prevention. 18,19 The trials were variously conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Japan.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,9,10,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Fourteen used supplements comprising a combination of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, …”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Kotwal

Jun

Sullivan

et al. 2012

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

186

100

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Background— Early trials evaluating the effect of omega 3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) reported benefits for mortality and cardiovascular events but recent larger studies trials have variable findings. We assessed the effects of ω-3 FA on cardiovascular and other important clinical outcomes. Methods and Results— We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for all randomized studies using dietary supplements, dietary interventions, or both. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events (mostly myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death). Secondary outcomes were arrhythmia, cerebrovascular events, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, coronary revascularization, heart failure, total mortality, nonvascular mortality, and end-stage kidney disease. Twenty studies including 63030 participants were included. There was no overall effect of ω-3 FA on composite cardiovascular events (relative risk [RR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–1.03; P =0.24) or on total mortality (RR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.86–1.04; P =0.28). ω-3 FA did protect against vascular death (RR=0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.99; P =0.03) but not coronary events (RR=0.86; 95% CI, 0.67–1.11; P =0.24). There was no effect on arrhythmia (RR=0.99; 95% CI, 0.85–1.16; P =0.92) or cerebrovascular events (RR=1.03; 95% CI, 0.92–1.16; P =0.59). Adverse events were more common in the treatment group than the placebo group (RR=1.18, 95% CI, 1.02–1.37; P =0.03), predominantly because of an excess of gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusions— ω-3 FA may protect against vascular disease, but the evidence is not clear-cut, and any benefits are almost certainly not as great as previously believed.

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Section: Total Mortality and Nonvascular Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Total Mortality and Nonvascular Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,9,10,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Fourteen used supplements comprising a combination of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, …”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Kotwal

Jun

Sullivan

et al. 2012

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

186

100

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“…Increased consumption of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) and the concomitant increase in n-3 LCPUFA concentrations in the circulation has been associated with a number of health benefits in humans, including prevention of preterm birth [1], primary and secondary protection against cardiovascular disease [2], and strengthened immune defences [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for long term stabilisation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dried blood spots and its clinical application

Liu

Mühlhäusler

Gibson

2014

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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A method for long term stabilisation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dried blood spots and its clinical application, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2014; 91(6) Immediately  via their non-commercial personal homepage or blog  by updating a preprint in arXiv or RePEc with the accepted manuscript  via their research institute or institutional repository for internal institutional uses or as part of an invitation-only research collaboration work-group  directly by providing copies to their students or to research collaborators for their personal use  for private scholarly sharing as part of an invitation-only work group on commercial sites with which Elsevier has an agreement After the embargo period  via non-commercial hosting platforms such as their institutional repository  via commercial sites with which Elsevier has an agreementIn all cases accepted manuscripts should: link to the formal publication via its DOI  bear a CC-BY-NC-ND license -this is easy to do, click here to find out how  if aggregated with other manuscripts, for example in a repository or other site, be shared in alignment with our hosting policy  not be added to or enhanced in any way to appear more like, or to substitute for, the published journal article AbstractConventional assays of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) status in humans involve venous blood collection and expensive, multi-step processes that limit their usefulness as screening tools. This study aimed to develop a capillary dried blood spot (DBS) system capable of protecting n-3 LCPUFA from oxidation for up to 2 months at room temperature (20-25°C). We demonstrated that a DBS system comprising both an antioxidant and chelating agent on silica-gel coated paper prevented any significant change in the n-3 LCPUFA profile after 2 months. Our DBS assay was then tested in fifty subjects, and this demonstrated the presence of strong and significant correlations between the results obtained from the DBS system and those obtained from conventional measures for all fatty acids, in particular the n-3 LCPUFA EPA and DHA (r>0.96, P<0.0001). This study therefore validates our DBS system as a reliable method for the assessment of n-3 LCPUFA status in humans.

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Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Disease Events

Rizos¹,

Ntzani²,

Bika³

et al. 2012

JAMA

889

554

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Context Considerable controversy exists regarding the association of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and major cardiovascular end points.Objective To assess the role of omega-3 supplementation on major cardiovascular outcomes. Data Sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through August 2012.Study Selection Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of omega-3 on allcause mortality, cardiac death, sudden death, myocardial infarction, and stroke.Data Extraction Descriptive and quantitative information was extracted; absolute and relative risk (RR) estimates were synthesized under a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic and I 2 . Subgroup analyses were performed for the presence of blinding, the prevention settings, and patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and meta-regression analyses were performed for the omega-3 dose. A statistical significance threshold of .0063 was assumed after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Data SynthesisOf the 3635 citations retrieved, 20 studies of 68 680 patients were included, reporting 7044 deaths, 3993 cardiac deaths, 1150 sudden deaths, 1837 myocardial infarctions, and 1490 strokes. No statistically significant association was observed with all-cause mortality (

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A randomized clinical trial onn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and all-cause mortality in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk

Abstract: We observed a tendency toward reduction in all-cause mortality in the n-3 PUFA groups that, despite a low number of participants, reached borderline statistical significance. The magnitude of risk-reduction suggests that a larger trial should be considered in similar populations.

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Outcomes

A method for long term stabilisation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dried blood spots and its clinical application

Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Disease Events

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