A Randomised Single-Blinded Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Brief Advice on Smoking Cessation among Tertiary Students in Malaysia

WDAS, De Silva; Awang, R; Samsudeen, S; Hanna, F

doi:10.4172/2157-7420.1000217

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…There are few studies testing VBA delivered by healthcare providers in LMIC settings for comparison [ 27 , 32 ]. However, two small studies conducted in Malaysia [ 33 ] and China [ 34 ] reported a 15% quit rate in smokers unselected by motivation or pre-existing health condition at 6 and 12 months, respectively. This suggests that absolute quit rates in North Macedonia may be particularly low, and more work is required to understand how to increase the impact of VBA from physicians in this context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised controlled trial testing effectiveness of feedback about lung age or exhaled CO combined with very brief advice for smoking cessation compared to very brief advice alone in North Macedonia: findings from the Breathe Well group

Gjorgjievski,

Stavrikj,

Jordan

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Introduction In 2019, smoking prevalence in North Macedonia was one of the world’s highest at around 46% in adults. However, access to smoking cessation treatment is limited and no co-ordinated smoking cessation programmes are provided in primary care. Methods We conducted a three parallel-armed randomised controlled trial (n = 1368) to investigate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of lung age (LA) or exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) feedback combined with very brief advice (VBA) to prompt smoking cessation compared with VBA alone, delivered by GPs in primary care in North Macedonia. All participants who decided to attempt to quit smoking were advised about accessing smoking cessation medications and were also offered behavioural support as part of the “ACT” component of VBA. Participants were aged ≥ 35 years, smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day, were recruited from 31 GP practices regardless of motivation to quit and were randomised (1:1:1) using a sequence generated before the start of recruitment. The primary outcome was biochemically validated 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 4 weeks (wks). Participants and GPs were not blinded to allocation after randomisation, however outcome assessors were blind to treatment allocation. Results There was no evidence of a difference in biochemically confirmed quitting between intervention and control at 4wks (VBA + LA RR 0.90 (97.5%CI: 0.35, 2.27); VBA + CO RR 1.04 (97.5%CI: 0.44, 2.44)), however the absolute number of quitters was small (VBA + LA 1.6%, VBA + CO 1.8%, VBA 1.8%). A similar lack of effect was observed at 12 and 26wks, apart from in the VBA + LA arm where the point estimate was significant but the confidence intervals were very wide. In both treatment arms, a larger proportion reported a reduction in cigarettes smoked per day at 4wks (VBA + LA 1.30 (1.10, 1.54); VBA + CO 1.23 (1.03, 1.49)) compared with VBA. The point estimates indicated a similar direction of effect at 12wks and 26wks, but differences were not statistically significant. Quantitative process measures indicated high fidelity to the intervention delivery protocols, but low uptake of behavioural and pharmacological support. VBA was the dominant intervention in the health economic analyses. Conclusion Overall, there was no evidence that adding LA or CO to VBA increased quit rates. However, a small effect cannot be ruled out as the proportion quitting was low and therefore estimates were imprecise. There was some evidence that participants in the intervention arms were more likely to reduce the amount smoked, at least in the short term. More research is needed to find effective ways to support quitting in settings like North Macedonia where a strong smoking culture persists. Trial registration The trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com (ISRCTN54228638) on the 07/09/2018.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised controlled trial testing effectiveness of feedback about lung age or exhaled CO combined with very brief advice for smoking cessation compared to very brief advice alone in North Macedonia: findings from the Breathe Well group

Gjorgjievski,

Stavrikj,

Jordan

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Results of annual prevention of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in first-year students of two Moscow universities

Zvolinskaya¹,

Kimitsidi²,

Alexandrov³

2018

Profil. med.

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Цель исследования-оценка результатов годичного профилактического вмешательства в отношении факторов риска (ФР) сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) среди студентов двух высших учебных заведений Москвы. Материал и методы. Обследованы 1912 студентов-первокурсников обоего пола Московского государственного медикостоматологического университета (МГМСУ) и Российского химико-технологического университета (РХТУ) (средний возраст 17,7 года). Использован анкетный опрос, включающий сведения о наследственности, заболеваниях, препаратах; заполнялись опросники по курению и физической активности, употреблению алкоголя, питанию. Сформированы две группы: группа вмешательства (ГВ) (РХТУ, n=205) и группа сравнения (ГС) (МГМСУ, n=236). В течение года 4 раза проводилось индивидуальное профилактическое консультирование. Через год проводилось повторное обследование. Результаты. За время наблюдения количество ложек или кусков сахара, которое студенты ГВ добавляли в чай или кофе, достоверно сократилось. Аналогичная динамика произошла и в отношении соли. В ГВ увеличилась доля студентов, употребляющих овощи и фрукты 1-2 раза в неделю и ежедневно, уменьшилась доля лиц, не употребляющих их вообще или употребляющих 1-2 раза в месяц. Через год вмешательства количество курящих студентов достоверно уменьшилось в обеих группах. Однако в ГВ динамика была более выраженной. Количество выкуриваемых сигарет возросло в обеих группах как у мужчин, так и у женщин, равно как и степень никотиновой зависимости. Женщины уступали мужчинам по всем изучаемым параметрам. В ГВ сократилось потребление алкогольных напитков в пересчете на чистый этанол в сутки, существенно снизилось потребление пива женщинами. Женщины ГВ также уменьшили потребление сухого вина, что обеспечило разницу между мужчинами и женщинами и разницу между группами через год профилактического вмешательства. Заключение. Удалось существенно повлиять на диетические привычки первокурсников, сократить количество курильщиков, увеличить мотивацию отказа от курения, особенно среди женщин, и сократить потребление алкогольных напитков. Можно сделать вывод, что индивидуальная профилактическая стратегия, осуществляемая в течение 12 мес среди студентов, эффективна в отношении поведенческих ФР ССЗ. Ключевые слова: студенты, поведенческие факторы риска, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, профилактика. Results of annual prevention of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in first-year students of two Moscow universities

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A Randomised Single-Blinded Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Brief Advice on Smoking Cessation among Tertiary Students in Malaysia

Abstract: Introduction-Tobacco smoking, a habitual behavior, is addictive and detrimental to health. Quitting requires personal abilities and environmental opportunities and therefore, improving these abilities and opportunities will undoubtedly act on smokers' motivation to quit.

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Randomised controlled trial testing effectiveness of feedback about lung age or exhaled CO combined with very brief advice for smoking cessation compared to very brief advice alone in North Macedonia: findings from the Breathe Well group

Randomised controlled trial testing effectiveness of feedback about lung age or exhaled CO combined with very brief advice for smoking cessation compared to very brief advice alone in North Macedonia: findings from the Breathe Well group

Results of annual prevention of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in first-year students of two Moscow universities

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