A randomised crossover trial to compare the potential of stannous fluoride and essential oil mouth rinses to induce tooth and tongue staining

Abstract

This study compared the staining potential of two experimental amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouth rinses (A and B), a phenolic/essential oil rinse (C) and a negative control, water, rinse (D). The study was a single centre, randomized, single-blind, four treatment crossover study design among healthy participants. Prior to each study period, participants received a dental prophylaxis. On the Monday of each period, subjects suspended oral hygiene, and under supervision, rinsed with the allocated mouth rinse immediately followed by a warm black tea solution at hourly intervals eight times a day for 4 days. On Friday, the area and intensity of staining on the teeth, the primary outcome measure and dorsum of tongue were assessed. This regimen was repeated for all the three subsequent treatment periods. Rinse B produced less stain than rinse A, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.20). Rinse B produced significantly more stain than rinse C (p < 0.05) and D (p < 0.001). For tongue staining, rinse B produced significantly more staining than D (p < 0.01) but not A or C. Overall, all test rinses produced more staining than placebo with an overall pattern for more staining with stannous formulations. Individuals using stannous or phenolic/essential oil mouth rinse formulations should be advised of the possible staining side effect and that this can be easily removed by a professional dental cleaning.

Influence of Toothbrushing on the Antierosive Effect of Film-Forming Agents

“…Interestingly, in both, brushing and nonbrushing conditions, the antierosive effect of the F+LPP solution was similar to that of F+Sn. This is a promising result that warrants further investigation, as LPP does not have one important side effect associated with Sn-containing products, which is the potential for staining the tooth [West et al, 2012].…”

Tooth staining potential of experimental amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouth rinse formulations—a randomized crossover forced staining study

“…In a number of studies on AmF/SnF 2 mouth rinse, tooth discoloration was reported [8,24,25]. Recently, experimental AmF/SnF 2 rinses were tested but without any reduced staining effect [14]. New experimental formulations have been developed and tested in the present study.…”

“…Sample size calculation, randomization and statistical analysis A detectable mean difference of 0.74 units in the primary parameter and a standard deviation representing the degree to which the outcome variable varies within subjects of 1.2 units were assumed based on the results of a former study that used the same design [14]. Sample size calculations were carried out by means of two tests at the global 5 % twosided alpha level for two Bonferroni adjusted contrasts with a power of 80 %.…”

“…Thus, the propensity in vivo of a mouth rinse formulation whether containing CHX or potentially other stain-producing agents can be evaluated over a few days instead of weeks or even months. The model was successfully applied in clinical studies to test the staining potential of mouth rinses [14] or the whitening effect of toothpastes [15].…”

Ultramorphological and chemical characterization of dentin surfaces after application of two desensitizing toothpastes

“…[16][17][18] SEM analyses were performed using 750-fold and 2000-fold magnifications as reported in other studies. [19][20][21][22] Nevertheless, the use of a 750-fold magnification can be considered more reliable for precise evaluation, as a relatively broad image is available for accurate quantification.…”