A Raman spectroscopic study of graphene cathodes in high-performance aluminum ion batteries

Childress, Anthony; Parajuli, Prakash; Zhu, Jingyi; Podila, Ramakrishna; Rao, Apparao M.

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.06.038

Cited by 89 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Graphene with defects shows much inferior capacity than defect-free counterpart. [47] Thed opant N-atoms catalytically decompose AlCl 4 À1 anions to produce toxic Cl 2 gas and the signature of this side reaction is well evident from the existence of avery long irreversible charge plateau at 2.1-2.2 V ( Figure 3a). However, defect-related D-band at 1350 cm À1 remains unchanged signifying the inactiveness of defects in hosting AlCl 4 À1 anions (Figure 2h).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[47] TheG-band of graphene at 1585 cm À1 in the Figure 5. [47] TheG-band of graphene at 1585 cm À1 in the Figure 5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47] TheG-band of graphene at 1585 cm À1 in the Figure 5. [36] In situ Raman spectra of graphene cathode during different stages of e) charging and f) discharging, [47] g) CV curve of the graphene cathode. [36] In situ Raman spectra of graphene cathode during different stages of e) charging and f) discharging, [47] g) CV curve of the graphene cathode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37] In contrast, Chen et al observed three anodic peaks at about 2V ,2.3 Vand 2.42 Vwith two cathodic peaks at about 1.8 Vand 2.22 V ( Figure 4c). a) Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of N-doped graphene, [47] b) cycle performance of defect-free graphene in the powder form at current rate of 10/20 Ag À1 , [48] c) photograph of centimeter-long graphene film, [36] d) cross-sectional and e) top view SEM images of graphene film with vertical and horizontal channels between the graphene layers, [36] f) cycle performance of agraphene film Al-graphene foam (GF) cell at current rate of 100 Ag À1 . a) Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of N-doped graphene, [47] b) cycle performance of defect-free graphene in the powder form at current rate of 10/20 Ag À1 , [48] c) photograph of centimeter-long graphene film, [36] d) cross-sectional and e) top view SEM images of graphene film with vertical and horizontal channels between the graphene layers, [36] f) cycle performance of agraphene film Al-graphene foam (GF) cell at current rate of 100 Ag À1 .…”

Section: Mechanism Of Charge Storage In Al-graphene Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36] In contrast, the maximum tolerance for current is 0.1 Ag À1 for the rest of the cathodes essentially signifying very low power output. [11,36,37,43,46,47,49,50] These unmatched traits of graphene will be immensely advantageous for achieving highly durable,high energy and power density Al-ion batteries. [36] In fact, unlike all other cathodes,a ll the graphene cathodes demonstrated high Coulombic efficiency (> 95 %) since beginning of cycling with excellent capacity retention rate (> 90 %).…”

Section: Graphene Versus Other Cathode Materials In Al-ion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene: A Cathode Material of Choice for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

Das

2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

116

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The pairing of an aluminum anode with a cathode of high energy and power density determines the future of aluminum-ion battery technology. The question is-"Is there any suitable cathode material which is capable of storing sufficiently large amount of trivalent aluminum-ions at relatively higher operating potential?". Graphene emerges to be a fitting answer. Graphene emerged in the research arena of aluminum-ion battery merely three years ago. However, research progress in this front has since been tremendous. Outperforming all other known cathode materials, several remarkable breakthroughs have been made with graphene, in offering extraordinary energy density, power density, cycle life, thermal stability, safety and flexibility. The future of the Al-graphene couple is indeed bright. This Minireview highlights the electrochemical performances, advantages and challenges of using graphene as the cathode in aluminum-ion batteries in conjugation with chloroaluminate based electrolytes. Additionally, the complex mechanism of charge storage in graphene is also elaborated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[47] TheG-band of graphene at 1585 cm À1 in the Figure 5. [47] TheG-band of graphene at 1585 cm À1 in the Figure 5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Charge Storage In Al-graphene Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Graphene Versus Other Cathode Materials In Al-ion Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene: A Cathode Material of Choice for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

Das

2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

116

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A Novel Moisture‐Insensitive and Low‐Corrosivity Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

Patra

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are extensively developed due to their cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness, and low flammability and the earth abundance of their electrode materials. However, the commonly used RAB ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte is highly moisture‐sensitive and corrosive. To address these problems, a 4‐ethylpyridine/AlCl3 IL is proposed. The effects of the AlCl3 to 4‐ethylpyridine molar ratio on the electrode charge–discharge properties are systematically examined. A maximum graphite capacity of 95 mAh g−1 is obtained at 25 mA g−1. After 1000 charge–discharge cycles, ≈85% of the initial capacity can be retained. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction is employed to examine the electrode reaction mechanism. In addition, low corrosion rates of Al, Cu, Ni, and carbon‐fiber paper electrodes are confirmed in the 4‐ethylpyridine/AlCl3 IL. When opened to the ambient atmosphere, the measured capacity of the graphite cathode is only slightly lower than that found in a N2‐filled glove box; moreover, the capacity retention upon 100 cycles is as high as 75%. The results clearly indicate the great potential of this electrolyte for practical RAB applications.

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Tailoring Interface to Boost the High‐Performance Aqueous Al Ion Batteries

Tao

Gao

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Electrolytes are highly important for aqueous Al ion batteries (AAIBs). However, Al metal anode usually has poor reversibility of plating/tripping, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and poor cycling stability by using traditional Al ion electrolyte. Herein, a novel type of aqueous Al ion electrolyte with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the primary skeleton for solvated Al ions is proposed, named as PEG‐Al@H. Outstandingly, an Al electrolyte interface (AEI) is generated on the Al metal surface during galvanostatic charging process by polymerization of PEG. It is proved that AEI, acting as the protective layer, effectively mitigates the side reaction caused by the rapid kinetic in aqueous electrolyte and prevents Al metal anode from deeply corroding. Moreover, PEG disrupts the hydrogen bond of the solvent in the electrolyte, extending the working temperature of AAIBs. The design that a full‐cell consisting of PEG‐Al@H as the electrolyte, potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate as the cathode, Al metal as anode can run over 20 000 cycles at 500 mA g−1, with an average CE higher than 95%. More importantly, even at −5 °C, for the first time, an initial capacity of 16 mAh in a pouch‐cell is achieved and maintain roughly 87% of capacity after 5500 cycles.

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A Raman spectroscopic study of graphene cathodes in high-performance aluminum ion batteries

Cited by 89 publications

References 53 publications

Graphene: A Cathode Material of Choice for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

Graphene: A Cathode Material of Choice for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

A Novel Moisture‐Insensitive and Low‐Corrosivity Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

Tailoring Interface to Boost the High‐Performance Aqueous Al Ion Batteries

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