A Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Polymer Membranes with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide

Abstract

Nowadays, despite significant advances in the field of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications, novel bone substituents still need refinement so they can be successfully implemented into the medical treatment of bone fractures. Generally, a scaffold made of synthetic polymer blended with nanofillers was proven to be a very promising biomaterial for tissue engineering, however the choice of components for the said scaffold remains questionable. The objects of the presented study were novel composites consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and two types of graphene materials: graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The technique of choice, that was used to characterize the obtained composites, was Raman micro-spectroscopy. It revealed that the composite PCL/GO differs substantially from the PCL/rGO composite. The incorporation of the GO particles into the polymer influenced the structure organisation of the polymeric matrix more significantly than rGO. The crystallinity parameters confirmed that the level of crystallinity is generally higher in the PCL/GO membrane in comparison to PCL/rGO (and even in raw PCL) that leads to the conclusion that the GO acts as a nucleation agent enhancing the crystallization of PCL. Interestingly, the characteristics of the studied nanofillers, for example: the level of the organisation (D/G ratio) and the in-plane size of the nano-crystallites (La) almost do not differ. However, they have an ability to influence polymeric matrix differently.

Production of efficient carbon fiber from different solid waste residuals for adsorption of hazardous metals from wastewater samples

“…The CF-RH sample spectrum exhibits the typical features of carbon materials with two bands at 1340 cm −1 (D band) and 1595 cm −1 (G band), and these bands are related to out of plane and in-plane sp 2 carbon bonds, respectively [35], while the CF-SCB samples exhibit only a vibrational mode (D band) at 1302 cm −1 related to disordered carbons [17]. The presence of such D-band suggests the amorphous nature of CF-SCB.…”

Aprotic lithium air batteries with oxygen-selective membranes

“…• Utilization of different nanoparticle in different polymeric membrane to enhance their hydrophobicity and then their utilization in lithium air batteries. The characteristics of the polymeric membranes are modified by incorporating the nanoparticles [136][137][138][139][140][141][142]. The use of nanoparticle-based membrane can affect the electrochemical performance of LAB.…”

Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy

“…The cells were seeded at a relatively low confluency and cultured in standard cell culture conditions. This procedure is used to assess the properties of materials in contact with living cells [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. It is common practice to use human osteogenic sarcoma cells (e.g., U-2 OS) cultured in vitro to investigate the biocompatibility of materials [37].…”

“…Carbon nanoforms (MWCNTs, CNFs, graphene) are materials with high potential for medical applications, not only in the area of their direct use (drug carriers, hyperthermia) but also in the field of surface or volume modifications of bioactive and biocompatible polymers [4,[23][24][25][26]. Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanoparticles obtain a number of new functional properties that allow them to be used in nerve regeneration (nerve guide) or bone tissue (bioactive biomimetic scaffolds) applications [6,27,28].…”