A Radiocarbon‐dated Pollen Diagram From North‐west Scotland

Moar, N. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1969.tb06434.x

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Timpendean site offers no views, and the nest would have been virtually in the dark. The presence of matai seeds in the deposit also suggests that this gully probably supported matai forest in the last few thousand years, similar to that which existed around Pyramid Valley a few kilometres to the southwest (Moar 1970). Therefore, the above comparison suggests to us that the Timpendean site was primarily accumulated by laughing owls.…”

Section: Falcon Site Timpendeansupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Areas with heavier, deeper soils probably had forests dominated by matai, kahikatea and totara, but with numerous shrubby clearings of Coprosma, kanuka, manuka, and Muehlenbeckia vines (McGlone 1989). Moar's (1970) analysis of the pollen record at Pyramid Valley showed spikes of Phyilocladus, Hoheria and Gramineae at the base of the sequence about 5,000 years ago. The tailing off of these spikes correlates with the overall rise in tree and shrub pollen, largely due to the establishment of Nothofagus in the area at this time.…”

Section: History Of Vegetation Otiranmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prominence of Phyllocladus and Libocedrus pollen in basal layers at Pyramid Valley (Moar 1970), and at Glencrieff suggests that the mountain toatoa -mountain cedar shrubland prevailed in the area from the early Holocene until a major change in the vegetation about 5,000-6,000 years ago. Then there was a rise to dominance of beech in the regional vegetation, and around Pyramid Valley a podocarp forest dominated by matai became established.…”

Section: Holocenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary fossil faunas, overlapping taphonomies, and palaeofaunal reconstruction in North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand

Worthy

Holdaway

1996

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

103

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Some of the predator sites accumulated fauna until late in the nineteenth century.The total avian fauna for the Waikari region (including Glenmark) comprises 65 indigenous and 4 introduced species of birds. In addition, tuatara Sphenodon spp., two species of gecko Hoplodactylus spp., including the large H. duvaucelii, undetermined skinks and fish, two species of bats Mystacina spp., three rodents Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and (most common) Rattus exulans, and European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus were found. All introduced species were in deposits accumulated by laughing owls.The derivation of faunas from the diverse taphonomic processes of cave-pitfall trapping, swamp-miring / lacustrine accumulation, and predation, has resulted in an unusually broad perception of the composition of the Late Holocene fauna. This fauna differs in relative frequency of species from the much wetter regions of the West Coast and Takaka. It also differs from Mt Cookson in North Canterbury, which is closer to mountains, at higher altitude, and wetter than the Waikari district. The Waikari moa fauna was dominated by Dinornis giganteus, Emeus crassus, Euryapteryx geranoides, and Pachyornis elephantopus. Among smaller terrestrial birds, kiwis Apteryx spp. and wekas Gallirallus australis were less common than in wetter regions. Finsch's duck Euryanas finschi, paradise shelduck Tadorna variegata, extinct coot Fulica prisca, extinct gallinule Gallinula hodgenorum, laughing owl Sceloglaux albifacies, and adzebill Aptomis defossor were common in contrast to their absence or near-absence in the west. Snipe Coenocorypha cf. aucklandica and piopio Turnagra capensis were noticeably more common in Waikari faunas than in more western ones.The Otiran moa fauna comprised the same species as in the Holocene, except that Pachyornis elephantopus was more common. Comparisons between the large, welldated, samples from Glencrieff and Pyramid Valley, show that P. elephantopus but not E. crassus exhibited post-glacial dwarfing in this region.The importance of predator sites in palaeofaunal reconstruction is indicated by the fact that 17 bird species and virtually all non-bird taxa were recognised solely from these deposits. These include five procellariiforms, and three river-bed inhabitants *Palaeofaunal Surveys, 43 The Ridgeway,

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Section: Falcon Site Timpendeansupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: History Of Vegetation Otiranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Holocenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary fossil faunas, overlapping taphonomies, and palaeofaunal reconstruction in North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand

Worthy

Holdaway

1996

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

103

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“…Although CLB4 is suggested as beinp approximately equivalent to the Loch Lomond Stadial, it is likely that the Rumex/Oxyria maximum represents a period shortly after the coldest temperatures, and therefore contemporary with some of the transitional zones after the Artemisia maxima in other regions, such as the Cyperaceat-Rumex zone in eastern Skye (Walker et ai, 1988) or the Rumex zone at Yesnaby (Moar, 19696). The radiocarbon dates also support this idea.…”

Section: Llp-jcsupporting

confidence: 62%

Late‐glacial and Holocene vegetation history of the Flow Country, northern Scotland

Charman

1994

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe vegetation history of an important conservation area, the Flow Country in northern Scotland, is descrihed using the results of pollen analysis from two closely spaced cores from the Cross Lochs, eastern Sutherland. Buried lake sediments and shallower surface peats yieid a continuous record covering the Devensian Late-glacial and the Holocene. The earliest Late-glacial pollen spectra recovered suggest a transition from open habitat to more stable communities, dominated by *Empetrum heath. This Windermere Interstadial vegetation shows some variability, with a phase of increased growth of juniper and birch, followed by deteriorating climate and less stable soil conditions in the transition to the Stadial, with Huperzia selago and Salix. There are poorly defined Loch Lomond Stadial and Stadial-Holocene transition periods, characterized by Rumex/Oxyria, after which much warmer, Holocene conditions occur, with a succession of birch-jumper and birch-hazel woodland. Birch persists in small amounts locally, but the presence of other arboreal pollen is thought to be mostly due to long distance pollen transport. From c. 5500 BP, the landscape is largely treeless, apart from a brief phase of local pine forest c. 4500-4000 BP. These changes are compared with other pollen records for northern Scotland. The trends in the Late-glacial vegetation are hroadly similar to those displayed by other sites, although many of the changes appear to be less extreme than for areas to the south and west. The lack oi Artemisia during tbe Loch Lomond Stadial in the east Sutherland and Caithness area is particuiarly noteworthy. This may imply more extensive snow cover. The early Holocene is similar to the rest of northern Scotland, but invasion of Betula was more rapid and the later growth of this genus and hazel was not so dense. The lack of pine in the early Holocene allies the site with eastern Caithness and the Northern Isles, rather than north-west Scotland and the Grampians, It is suggested that the effects of early human populations on such margina] forest areas may have been underestimated in the past. The paradoxical existence of pine macrofossiis with no pollen evidence in several areas of Scotland is explained, at least in part, by the lack of temporal precision of pollen diagrams rather than by low pollen productivity, extremely localized occurrences of the species or strong prevailing winds.

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“…At the conference was Professor Harry Godwin, Director of the Subdepartment of Quaternary Research, Cambridge, England, and an international leader in the application of pollen analysis to the history of vegetation, landscapes and climate. Harry Godwin suggested that Neville would benefit from a PhD in his department and, in 1961, with DSIR support, Neville began a PhD at Cambridge on the late-glacial and post-glacial vegetation history of south-west Scotland, Shetland and Orkney Islands with Richard West as his supervisor (Moar 1969b(Moar , 1969c(Moar , 1969d. The Subdepartment of Quaternary Research was in the forefront of Quaternary studies at that time and Neville had as colleagues leading Quaternary scientists such as Donald Walker and Nicholas Shackleton, and travelled widely in Europe to attend conferences.…”

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confidence: 99%