A questionnaire survey of the illegal importation of pork products by air travelers into Japan from China and exploration of causal factors

Lei, Zhihao; Haga, Takeshi; Obara, Hiroko; Sekiyama, Hiroki; Sekiguchi, Satoshi; Hombu, Amy; Fujihara, Miho; Lei, Lisha; Hsu, Shin; Zhang, Xiying; Ishitsuka, Iori; Atagi, Yamato; Sato, Takeshi; Sugiura, Katsuaki

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104947

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Probability that an air traveler from China illegally brings in pork products (P_illegal importation). P_illegal importation was modelled as Beta (7+1, 248-7+1), based on the result of a survey conducted in 2019: of 248 selected air travelers arriving in Japan from China by air, seven had illegally brought in pork products [23].…”

Section: Input Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the risk of ASFV entry into Japan through pork products illegally brought in by air passengers from China and fed to pigs in Japan

Sugiura

Lei

Holley³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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A risk assessment was conducted to assess the risk of ASFV entry into Japan through pork products illegally brought in by air passengers from China and fed to pigs in Japan. Scenario tree modelling was used with the following entry and exposure pathway considered to be the most likely route of ASF entry: an ASFV infected pork product is illegally brought into Japan by air travellers from China; this pork product is then used in a restaurant where scrap waste is recycled for animal feed and subsequently fed to pigs without being heattreated. Input parameter values were based on surveys conducted by the authors, scientific data gathered from the literature and official data published by government agencies. The annual probability of ASFV entry into Japan via this pathway was predicted to be 0.20 (90% prediction interval: 0.00-0.90). The wide prediction interval was mainly caused by the uncertainty regarding the dose response relation of ASFV, followed by the probability of an ASF infected pig dying on affected farms, the loading of ASFV in an infected pig and the probability of an illegally imported pork product being heat-treated in China and used in restaurants. The results of scenario analysis revealed that the annual probability of ASFV entry into Japan will increase with an increase in the number of ASF affected farms in China. The probability of ASFV entry will increase substantially even if only a small proportion of Ecofeed is not heat-treated during the production process. The probability will decrease if an increased proportion of farms that feed swill apply heat-treatment before feeding swill to their pigs. These findings indicate that stringent application of heat-treatment of Ecofeed and swill is key to protecting the Japanese pig industry from the introduction of ASFV.

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Section: Input Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the risk of ASFV entry into Japan through pork products illegally brought in by air passengers from China and fed to pigs in Japan

Sugiura

Lei

Holley³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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Identifying sites where wild boars can consume anthropogenic food waste with implications for African swine fever

Aguilar-Vega,

Sánchez-Vizcaíno,

Bosch

2024

PLoS ONE

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Wild boar population dynamics promote the increase in numbers and distribution of the species in Eurasia, leading to a rise in the interaction with human activities, as well as generating problems with the management of certain infectious diseases, most notably African swine fever (ASF). ASF virus possesses high stability in several contaminated pork and pork products that can be a source of indirect transmission to susceptible hosts habituated to anthropogenic food waste. This transmission route is a concerning threat for the dispersion of the disease, primarily into unaffected areas given the worldwide widespread distribution of the disease and the increase of wild boar contact with humans. Thus, in this study, a straightforward tool to assess the relative risk of wild boar natural populations potentially consuming food waste is presented using synthetic data. Three risk groups were defined related to urban areas, travel, and leisure. The surrounding quality of habitat of wild boar was used to obtain the relative risk of wild boar potentially consuming anthropogenic food waste. To assign the relative risk to the corresponding risk unit, we also included the population for the urban areas group, and traffic volume for the travel risk group. The leisure group had higher scaled risk scores, followed by the urban areas group. Higher risk was found in the edges of the study area where more natural landscapes are found. The implications of this risk are discussed focusing on the context of ASF transmission. The outputs can help prioritize decision-making in terms of the improvement of preventive measures against the habituation of wild boar to anthropogenic food waste and ASFV introduction in a given study area.

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A questionnaire survey of the illegal importation of pork products by air travelers into Japan from China and exploration of causal factors

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Assessing the risk of ASFV entry into Japan through pork products illegally brought in by air passengers from China and fed to pigs in Japan

Assessing the risk of ASFV entry into Japan through pork products illegally brought in by air passengers from China and fed to pigs in Japan

Identifying sites where wild boars can consume anthropogenic food waste with implications for African swine fever

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