A Questionnaire-Based Survey of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Training in Pakistan

Rathore, Farooq Azam; Butt, Aamir Waheed; Soomro, Nabila; Akhtar, Noreen

doi:10.7759/cureus.1005

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, in Pakistan some centres are well equipped and have an adequate infrastructure to offer a comprehensive fellowship training for Rehabilitation Medicine. 17 Whereas some other centres lack many important components of post graduate training. However, it is important to consider that training at the post graduate level alone is not sufficient to address the current gaps in neurorehabilitation services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Neurorehabilitation Services in the OIC Countries: Results of an International Online Survey

Hassan,

Rathore,

Mangat

2024

J. Bahria Univ. Med. Dent. Coll.

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Objectives: Neurorehabilitation services are not widely available to most persons with disability (PWD) in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries. This study aimed to document status of neurorehabilitation services in OIC countries. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional online survey. Methods: Self-administered online survey conducted using Google Forms. Key resource persons for each OIC country working in field of neurorehabilitation were identified from various databases. The questionnaire was emailed to 20 identified resource persons. The response rate was 60% (12/20). Results: Neurorehabilitation services were available in 9 out of 12 surveyed countries. Only 2 countries reported providing access to neurorehabilitation services to 76-100% of their population. Five countries reported less than 25% of population had access to these services. Most commonly available neurorehabilitation services included services for stroke, spinal cord injury, pediatric neurorehabilitation, brain injury, and neuromuscular rehabilitation. Three countries had none of these specialized services. Five countries had neurorehabilitation training programs for physicians and other rehabilitation professionals. Patients had to pay out of pocket for these services in most of surveyed countries, followed by public funding and private insurance. Tele-neurorehabilitation and local disease-specific neurorehabilitation guidelines were not available in most of surveyed countries. Conclusion: Neurorehabilitation services in OIC region are not widely available, with significant variability in availability and quality. There is a need to develop and improve these services. Sharing knowledge and expertise through various forms, such as exchange visits and online sessions, can help improve neurorehabilitation services in these countries

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Neurorehabilitation Services in the OIC Countries: Results of an International Online Survey

Hassan,

Rathore,

Mangat

2024

J. Bahria Univ. Med. Dent. Coll.

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“…The questionnaire was developed by LA, MA and JK after a thorough literature review [5][6][7][8] and was reviewed by two medical education experts for content validity. The survey was piloted among 10 post-graduate residents before putting it to test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Unfortunately, there is a serious dearth of such quintessential research in our country, leading to uneven quality of training with rising stress, maladaptive coping strategies and feeling of abandonment in majority of the trainee doctors. An extensive literature review showed that only a few studies were conducted to identify unrecognized deficiencies of our training programs and that too were either geographically limited to a single centre, city or a province or a single specialty, 3,[5][6][7] leading to results that could not be generalized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residents’ perspective on the quality of postgraduate training programs in Pakistan – the good, the bad and the ugly

Alam

Khan²,

Alam

et al. 2021

Pak J Med Sci

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Objectives: To assess the satisfaction of trainees towards different attributes of their training programs. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out by enrolling trainee doctors currently working in Medical, Surgical, Dental and Allied specialties of the country by sending a validated and piloted questionnaire through email. Data collection was done from 1st to 31st January 2021 after taking ethical approval from the concerned authorities. Data was analysed using SPSS v. 19.0. Results: A total of 516 completed responses were received from 15 major cities of the country. The overall perceived satisfaction towards clinical skills (42%), teaching skills (31.4%), personal growth and development (23.6%), research (21%) and supervisor’s role (44.2%) were considerably low with the most common causes for non-satisfaction being poor work-life balance (59%), financial instability (54.5%), poor research facilities (53%), poor career guidance (44%) and poor skill development (42.4%) in descending order. Senior years of residency, government and private set-ups, less than four and greater than 13 residents on average with less than three supervisors per department, excessive duty hours and financial instability in-lieu of not doing locums were statistically related to poor satisfaction across majority of the facets of residency as well the overall satisfaction towards training programs. Conclusion: There is a tremendous scope for improvement in the recognized and partially acknowledged attributes of our training programs. Yearly feedback surveys involving residents is essential for enlightening the authorities and mitigating the trainees’ grievances. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4297 How to cite this:Alam L, Khan J, Alam M, Faraid V, Ajmal F, Bahadur L. Residents’ perspective on the quality of postgraduate training programs in Pakistan – the good, the bad and the ugly. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4297 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Solitude and serotonin: juvenile isolation alters the covariation between social behavior and cFos expression by serotonergic neurons

Hutchens,

Khurram,

Hurley

2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Variation in the mutual responsiveness of social partners to each other can be reflected in behavioral suites that covary with neural activity in ways that track the salience or valence of interactions. Juvenile social isolation alters social behavior and neural activity during social interaction, but whether and how it alters the covariation between behavior and neural activity has not been as well explored. To address this issue, four classes of experimental subjects: isolated males, socially housed males, isolated females, and socially housed females, were paired with an opposite-sex social partner that had been socially housed. Social behaviors and c-Fos expression in the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were then measured in subjects following the social interactions. Relative to social housing, postweaning isolation led to a decrease in the density of neurons double-labeled for tryptophan hydroxylase and c-Fos in the dorsomedial subdivision of the DRN, regardless of sex. Vocal and non-vocal behaviors were also affected by isolation. In interactions with isolated males, both ultrasonic vocalization (USVs) and broadband vocalizations (squeaks) increased in conjunction with greater male investigation of females. Neural and behavioral measures also correlated with each other. In the isolated male group, the density of double-labeled neurons in the dorsomedial DRN was negatively correlated with USV production and positively correlated with a principal component of non-vocal behavior corresponding to greater defensive kicking by females and less investigation and mounting behavior. This correlation was reversed in direction for socially housed males, and for isolated males versus isolated females. These findings confirm that the dynamics of social interactions are reflected in c-Fos activation in the dorsomedial DRN, and suggest an altered responsiveness of serotonergic neurons to social interaction following social isolation in males, in parallel with an altered male response to female cues.

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A Questionnaire-Based Survey of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Training in Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Current Status of Neurorehabilitation Services in the OIC Countries: Results of an International Online Survey

Current Status of Neurorehabilitation Services in the OIC Countries: Results of an International Online Survey

Residents’ perspective on the quality of postgraduate training programs in Pakistan – the good, the bad and the ugly

Solitude and serotonin: juvenile isolation alters the covariation between social behavior and cFos expression by serotonergic neurons

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