A question of who, not if: Psychological disorders in Holocaust survivors’ children.

Abstract

Reparative adaptational impacts could guide clinicians in treating children of survivors. (PsycINFO Database Record

Intergenerational Transmission of Resilience? Sense of Coherence Is Associated between Lithuanian Survivors of Political Violence and Their Adult Offspring

“…However, even taking into account the bias in sampling we could identify the increased vulnerability of the second generation of the families with a background of political oppression. Identification of higher probable PTSD rates than the general population also raises the question recently brought up by Danieli et al (2016) in response to recent debates on trauma transmission. Rather than questioning if there are any intergenerational effects, we should rather focus on identifying the characteristics of individuals who are affected by parental trauma, which not only supports the need for future intergenerational studies in Lithuania, but also in other populations.…”

“…On the other hand, there is considerable evidence that parental trauma can have significant effects on offspring ( Bowers and Yehuda, 2016 ). This ongoing scientific debate is an encouragement to conduct further research and identify who are the most vulnerable among the second generation ( Danieli et al, 2016 ). Considering the mixed research results about the intergenerational effects of parental trauma ( van IJzendoorn et al, 2003 ; Danieli et al, 2016 ), further studies of intergenerational trauma transmission and resilience are necessary.…”

Variables Connecting Parental PTSD to Offspring Successful Aging: Parent–Child Role Reversal, Secondary Traumatization, and Depressive Symptoms

“…In light of the mixed evidence regarding mental and physical health of OHS, researchers claim that efforts should shift from focusing on “if OHS are more vulnerable?,” to questions addressing the mechanisms and conditions, under which transmission may be observed. For example, in which families should we expect to see trauma transmission, and by which mechanisms should transmission transpire (8, 16)? Following, it may be that intergenerational transmission of trauma is not automatic, nor is it an unavoidable outcome of parental trauma; rather, it may stem from an unresolved attempt by parents to cope with their own trauma.…”

Knowledge about traumatic World War II experiences among ancestors and subjective well-being of young adults: A person-centred perspective

“…Moreover, the only significant differences in life satisfaction among all six profiles were observed among extreme profiles, i.e., profile 3, with a level of memory of WWII trauma in the family that was atypically good for the whole sample and the highest life satisfaction, versus profile 5, with the worst life satisfaction of all extracted profiles. In interpreting these results, the aforementioned TCMI framework and the concept of conspiracy of silence may be useful [ 15 , 39 ]. Specifically, according to this theory, after massive trauma in the family, there is a tendency to preserve silence about it, which stems from two sometimes conflicting tendencies.…”

“…Nevertheless, studies on intergenerational trauma have also aroused controversy, as several questions remained unanswered. Specifically, it is still not known whether trauma transmission imposes negative clinical consequences on subsequent generations or not [e.g., compare [7,13,14] and which generation (the second or third) is affected most by the traumatic experiences of ancestors [e.g., compare [15,16]]. Moreover, no convincing mechanism that underlies the transmission of trauma through subsequent generations has been provided, and existing theories about this phenomena range from genetic and neurobiological factors [7] to psychosocial explanations pointing to adverse parenting styles and drawbacks in family communication [17].…”