A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Characterization of Metal‐Oil Interfaces and Interactions with Wax Molecules

Paso, Kristofer; Kompalla, Thomas; Aske, Narve; Sjöblom, Johan

doi:10.1080/01932690701757915

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The macrocrystalline wax (hereafter wax) has 78% w/w linear alkanes with carbon numbers ranging from C20 to C44 and 22% w/w cyclic and branched alkanes with carbon numbers ranging from C20 to C41. Additional information regarding composition analysis and properties of Sasol wax 5404 is reported in previous literature studies. − …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Degelation Behavior and Non-Isothermal Flow Restart of a Waxy Oil Pipeline

2023

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Flow assurance challenges associated with waxy crude oil precipitation at low ambient conditions are significant concerns for oil industries during production, transportation, and storage. Numerous methods have been employed to mitigate wax deposition and gelation issues. Since wax precipitation is temperature-sensitive, heating has emerged as a promising method to enhance oil flowability. The present work intends to examine the degelation behavior of waxy oil using rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and microscopy techniques. In addition, a non-isothermal flow restart simulation is performed using an in-house numerical simulator consisting of a rheological model of sol–gel transition developed in the current work. A numerical simulation of a preheated gelled pipeline demonstrates the significance of the degelation temperature. The effects of the wax concentration, initial gel temperature, and aging period on the degelation temperature are examined. The observed degelation temperature is higher than the gelation temperature, leading to thermal hysteresis. The extent of thermal hysteresis reduces with a decrease in the heating rate. The numerical simulation uses the finite volume method with variables placed on a staggered grid. The gel heated above and below the degelation temperature shows a significant variation in axial velocity profiles. However, further heating does not affect the velocity profiles. A shear banding type of effect is observed in the axial velocity profile above the degelation temperature. Heating the gelled oil to the degelation temperature instead of the wax disappearance temperature saves excessive heating energy during storage and transport operations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Degelation Behavior and Non-Isothermal Flow Restart of a Waxy Oil Pipeline

2023

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“…The macrocrystalline wax (Sasolwax 5405) consists of 78% w/w n -alkane with carbon number C 20 –C 44 and 22% w/w branched and cyclic alkanes with carbon number C 20 –C 41 . More detailed information about properties and composition analyses is available in previous studies. ,, Additionally, the gelation characteristics of the agar gel sample prepared using 1.5% agar in water and two commercial products (A and B) are also experimentally investigated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More detailed information about properties and composition analyses is available in previous studies. 8,58,59 Additionally, the gelation characteristics of the agar gel sample prepared using 1.5% agar in water and two commercial products (A and B) are also experimentally investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Method for Gelation Temperature Measurement without Disturbing the Crystal Network

Shinde

Kumar

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The present study proposes a new nonoscillatory nonrotary (NONR) method to measure gelation temperature based on a temperature-dependent normal force. A variation in the normal force signal is observed due to the combined effect of volume shrinkage and wax crystal network. The sample retains fluidity above the gelation temperature, in the absence of a gel network. The proposed method shows good repeatability for a model waxy oil and real crude oils. The results of the NONR method are consistent with the results from earlier methods. Gelation temperature measurement using the NONR method does not require gel movement. However, all of the existing rheological methods use either shear stress or shear rate, which participates in the gelation process. The gelation temperatures of 15% macrocrystalline wax in the dodecane sample measured using constant shear stress, constant shear rate, oscillatory, and NONR methods are 26.6, 27.5, 26.8, and 27.0 °C, respectively.

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“…On the other hand, hexane and alkanethiols have been used to investigate the adsorption properties of cholesterol surfactants; toluene and heptane mixtures have been used to examine the adsorption properties of resins, and asphaltenes and dodecane has been used to investigate the adsorption properties of waxes using the QCM technique. Moreover, more viscous liquids, such as oils, have also been used in QCM studies. − In all these measurements, it is of paramount importance to be aware of changes in bulk density and viscosity of liquids, as these might severely influence the calculated adsorbed mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Naphthenic Acids onto Mineral Surfaces Studied by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D)

et al. 2012

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In the present research, the adsorption of naphthenic acids from n-dodecane solutions onto hydrophilic surfaces of the most common minerals in petroleum reservoirs (silica, alumina, and calcite) has been investigated using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The wettability and surface roughness of the mineral surfaces applied for the QCM-D measurements were determined with contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Corrections for changes in bulk density and viscosity of the naphthenic acids solutions as a function of concentration are necessary to determine the actual adsorption levels for the QCM-D measurements and have been accounted for in the adsorption calculations. The adsorption affinity of the naphthenic acids to the mineral surfaces is ranked as calcite > alumina > silica. The adsorption data for all systems can be adequately well described by the Langmuir isotherm and adsorption free energies (ΔG°) calculated from the fitted Langmuir isotherms indicate that the binding between naphthenic acids and mineral surfaces is of a physical nature. Plots of change in surface area per molecule (σ) as a function of the variation of concentration indicate that the adsorption process of the naphthenic acids changes as a function of surface coverage and suggest that the naphthenic acids chains undergo conformational alterations during the adsorption. The surface area per molecule (σ) of the adsorbed naphthenic acids onto the mineral surfaces is calcite < alumina < silica for all concentrations, which supports the adsorption affinity ranking.

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A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Characterization of Metal‐Oil Interfaces and Interactions with Wax Molecules

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Degelation Behavior and Non-Isothermal Flow Restart of a Waxy Oil Pipeline

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Degelation Behavior and Non-Isothermal Flow Restart of a Waxy Oil Pipeline

New Method for Gelation Temperature Measurement without Disturbing the Crystal Network

Adsorption of Naphthenic Acids onto Mineral Surfaces Studied by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D)

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