A quantitative study of the distribution pattern of certain oxidizing enzymes and a lipase in the red and white fibers of the pigeon breast muscle

George, J. C.; Talesara, C. L.

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030580306

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…1: 4: 70 respectively. Lipase and succinate oxidase activities in pigeon breast muscle are also directly related (George & Talesara, 1961) though to our knowledge the respective roles of blood fatty acids and stored lipid as substrates have not been systematically surveyed in muscles of diverse physiological properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation

Burleigh

Schimke

1969

Biochemical Journal

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1. Extractable hexokinase activity was measured in the red and white skeletal muscles of the rabbit and in the hearts and diaphragms of four animal species differing markedly in size. Activities vary over a 40-fold range, being least in white skeletal muscle of the laboratory rabbit and greatest in mouse heart. 2. Hexokinase activities correlate approximately with capacities to undertake reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as determined by succinate oxidase assays. Both enzyme activities seem best related to the average contractile-energy expenditure per unit weight of muscle over an extended period, rather than to the rapidity of individual contractions. 3. Hexokinase and succinate oxidase activities cannot be related to a muscle's content of soluble pigment. They display an inverse relationship with activities of phosphorylase and glycolytic enzymes, but only within the group of rabbit skeletal muscles whose oxidative capacities are at the lower end of the observed range. 4. Total glycogen-UDP glucosyltransferase activities do not vary significantly between rabbit skeletal muscles, although those of hexokinase differ by about sixfold. On the average, glucose 6-phosphate is probably oxidized directly. However, observations cited in the literature suggest that muscles with an active hexokinase may well preferentially accumulate glycogen when glucose is present in excess of the fibres' capacity to oxidize it. 5. When considered with published results obtained in vivo, the present findings indicate that phosphorylase has a minor role in the energy expenditure of muscles with a predominantly oxidative metabolism. In these, the major substrates appear to be blood glucose, fatty acids and possibly lipids. 6. The histochemical criteria by which muscle fibres are commonly described as red or white are inadequate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…commonly shows that the glycogen phosphorylase and the tricarboxylic acid-cycle activities of different fibres vary inversely. Heart muscle and red forms of skeletal muscle have more lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) and enzymes for fatty acid degradation than does white skeletal muscle (George & Scaria, 1957;George & Talesara, 1961;Pette, 1966).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation

Burleigh

Schimke

1969

Biochemical Journal

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“…Connor et al, however, did not observe a significant change after conditions in which the fish used were presumably swimming at a slow sustained rate. It is generally agreed (see, for example, George & Talesara, 1961) that fat is the fuel for sustained activity, and these observations suggest that glycogen may play a part in the oxidation of fat. It is, after all, surprising that red muscle should operate by fat oxidation and white by anaerobic glycolysis, while the glycogen level in the red muscle is consistently higher than in the white.…”

Section: Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 92%

On the function of the two types of myotomal muscle fibre in elasmobranch fish

1966

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There are two main types of muscle fibre in the dogfish myotome. Slow fibres make upabout 18 % of the mass of the myotome, the remainder consisting of fastfibres. The slow and fast fibres have a different pattern of innervation, and differ in such respects as their fat and glycogen contents, and in abundance of mitochondria. The two typesof fibre show different responses to depolarizing agents.Extracellular recordings from the myotomal muscle taken during the swimming of spinal fish show that only slow muscle fibres are active when the fish swims slowly, whereas during vigorous movements, the fast fibres are active. Although both types of fibre contain glycogen, the fast fibres contain only about 50–60 % ofthe amount found in the slow fibres. After a period of vigorous movement, the glycogen levels in the fast fibres fall markedly, whilst those in the slow fibres donot change. The slow fibres contain around 4–5 times the amount of fat found in thefast fibres; after long periods of sustained slow swimming, the fat levels inthe slow fibres fall, and there also may be a slight decrease in the glycogen levels in the slow fibres. Long periods of slow swimming do not alter the glycogen levels found in the fast fibres.

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“…As is well known the concentration of capillaries (Smith & Giovacchini, 1956;Romanul, 1965), myoglobin (Millikan, 1939;Lawrie, 1953), and the duration of muscular contraction (Denny-Brown, 1929;Cooper & Eccles, 1930) are greatest in red and least in white muscle. Since each skeletal muscle consists of varying proportions of fibres with biochemical (Dubowitz & Pearse, 1960;George & Talesara, 1961;Stein & Padykula, 1962), mechanical (McPhedran, or microvascular (Romanul, 1965) characteristics of whole red or white muscles (Cooper & Eccles, 1930;Smith & Giovacchini, 1956;Domenkos & Latzkovits, 1961;Beatty, Peterson & Bocek, 1963;Dawson & Romanul, 1964;Ogata & Mori, 1964) it is likely that the range of values for each physiological variable results from differences in the relative population of red or white fibres. While the existence of a direct relationship between fractional blood flow, capillarity, myoglobin concentration, and the duration of contraction in skeletal muscles has been assumed in the past, the present study has demonstrated that the relationships are highly quantitative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of blood flow to myoglobin, capillary density, and twitch characteristics in red and white skeletal muscle in cat

Reis¹,

Wooten²

1970

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The fractional distribution of blood flow was measured by the isotope dilution method and absolute blood flow estimated in twenty-four muscles of chronically prepared, unanaesthetized cats.2. In the quiet, alert cat the estimated mean muscle blood flow ranged from 5-9 to 39-3 ml./min 100 g muscle. Flow was three times greater in grouped red than white limb muscles.3. The myoglobin concentration ranged from 0-88 to 3-91 mg/g muscle. The myoglobin concentration of grouped red exceeded that of white muscle and varied in each muscle directly and linearly with blood flow with a high correlation (P < 0-001).4. Capillary density was estimated by determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly greater in red than white muscles and varied directly with fractional blood flow in these same muscles with a high correlation (P < 0-001).5. Contraction time was generally two to three times longer in red than white muscle. There was a direct and highly correlated relationship (P < 0-001) between blood flow and contraction time.6. The direct linear relationship between muscle blood flow and myoglobin concentration, capillary density, and contraction time characteristic of quiet wakefulness was lost during rapid eye movement sleep or excitement produced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus as a consequence of selective changes in flow in red and white skeletal muscle.7. The type of metabolism of any skeletal muscle is adapted to its activity during quiet, alert behaviour, rather than during sleep or excitement.

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A quantitative study of the distribution pattern of certain oxidizing enzymes and a lipase in the red and white fibers of the pigeon breast muscle

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation

The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation

On the function of the two types of myotomal muscle fibre in elasmobranch fish

The relationship of blood flow to myoglobin, capillary density, and twitch characteristics in red and white skeletal muscle in cat

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