A Quantitative Study of Phenocopy Production With Monochromatic Ultraviolet Irradiation

Villee, Claude A.

doi:10.2307/1537964

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The time of maximum sensitivity of Drosophila pupae also was different for x-rays (Villee, 1946) than for UV-light (Villee, 1947), and for lethality as compared to phenocopy production by UV. In particular, the flies were more sensitive to killing and more resistant to phenocopy-induction an hour or two after pupation than at any other time during pupal or late larval development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Influence of Pupal Age on Sensitivity to Radiation

Ducoff

Bosma

1966

The Biological Bulletin

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In recent years there has been increasing interest in the application of ionizing radiations in the control of insects, and increasing recognition of the usefulness of insects as experimental subjects in the investigation of radiobiological phenomena. For some types of radiobiological study, the germicidal wave-lengths of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, since they are preferentially absorbed by nucleic acids, may be employed more advantageously than the ionizing wave-lengths of x-and gamma radiations.Furthermore, sources of UV radiation are inexpensive, relatively non-hazardous, and readily available. Unfortunately, interpretation of the effects of UV on metazoa may be complicated by the fact that the radiation penetrates only a few cell layers ; this explains the paucity of data on UV effects on insects, except for those on insect eggs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Influence of Pupal Age on Sensitivity to Radiation

Ducoff

Bosma

1966

The Biological Bulletin

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“…Placental oxygen consumption is likely to be affected by various pathological conditions, both directly related to pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia) or unrelated to it. According to some authors (Wang and Hellman, 1943;Hellman et al, 1950;Villee, 1953;Kyank, 1955;Dominy et al, 1956) respiration is unaffected by pre-eclampsia, whereas others (Page, 1948 ;MacKay, 1958;Friedman and Sachtleben, 1960) found a decrease associated with severe preeclampsia, especially if fetal growth was depressed (Tremblay et al, 1965). According to Friedman et al (l970b) placental respiration decreases in pre-eclampsia, but in the presence of renal disease placental oxygen consumption may increase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Observations on the Energy Metabolism of Human Placenta

Paparella

Galeotti

Bompiani

et al. 1973

BJOG

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Summary Oxygen consumption of histologically abnormal placentae was reduced but the effect on the fetus probably depends on the timing of the abnormality. A reduced placental respiratory rate, whether accompanied by no obvious histological change, or with the “senescent” changes of postmaturity, or by damage due to rehsus isoimmunization was associated with an adverse effect on fetal growth or wellbeing. Rotenone, antimycin A and cyanide, all inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transfer, markedly decreased the endogenous respiration of both normal and pathological placentae. Respiration was also reduced by from 35 per cent to 60 per cent by oligomycin, whereas it was increased by as much as 70 per cent by 2,4‐dinitrophenol. Oligomycin inhibition of endogenous respiration was largely offset by 2,4‐dinitrophenol. The results obtained showed that: (i) placental respiration was decreased in all the pathological conditions studied, (ii) the organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of placental cells might be similar to that of other normal tissues and (iii) placental respiration was coupled to energy conservation reactions both in normal and pathological conditions.

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Influence of environmental factors on the homoeotic effect ofloboid-ophthalmoptera inDrosophila melanogaster

Ouweneel

1969

W. Roux' Archiv f. Entwicklungsmechanik

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This paper deals with the influence of environmental factors, particularly those that may be expected to change the rate of growth in the larval period, on the homoeotic wing-like outgrowths in the eyes of the strainloboid-ophthalmoptera (see Ouweneel, 1969a, b).The penetrance of the homoeotic effect increases with maternal age (Table 1); Delcour (1968) furnished evidence that there is a relation between maternal age and growth rate of tissues in the larva. Penetrance is inversely related to temperature; at low temperatures the development of the whole larva is strongly retarded, but the growth of the eye disc is probably less retarded, so that it grows relatively more than at higher temperatures. It is notable that the temperature-sensitive period (24-60 h after hatching, at 25° C; Fig. 1) precedes, and coincides with, the period of abnormal hyperplasia in the disc (Ouweneel, 1969b).Acetamide, given in the food, enhances the number of facets so that even the wild type eye size may be reached; in proportion to its concentration it moreover strongly increases the penetrance of the wing-like outgrowths. At higher concentrations, however, when eye enlargement is maximal, the penetrance of the outgrowths decreases again (Figs. 2-5). The optimal concentration (at which the penetrance is maximal) is higher at higher temperatures (Figs. 2-5; cf. Fig. 7). The sensitive period for acetamide extends from about 0-55 h after hatching (at 25° C) (Fig. 6). Uracil increases the penetrance of the homoeotic effect (Table 2). Sodium tetraborate seems to increase the penetrance of the homoeotic outgrowths, but to reduce their expressivity slightly at higher concentrations. Starvation (Tabel 3) and farnesol medium prolong the larval period, but do not show clear-cut effects on the homoeotic phenomenon, probably because they only postpone metamorphosis, and do not retard the whole of larval development (compare temperature effect, above). UV irradiation influenced penetrance, but lower dosages had a greater effect than higher ones; the former suppressed the homoeotic effect at early larval ages, but stimulated it at later ages; this points to the occurrence of two separate sensitive periods for UV (Table 4). In all experiments clear-cut sexual differences in sensitivity were observed, which may be ascribed to the sex-linked location of theophthalmoptera modifier (Ouweneel, 1969a).Evidence can be found in the literature that enhanced proliferation is a prerequisite for many homoeotic phenomena in the broad sence (cf. Fig. 8). The present study and previous data show that also homoeotic mutations often interact with agents causing changes in growth rate; it is possible that the basic action of all homoeotic mutations has to do with such changes.

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A Quantitative Study of Phenocopy Production With Monochromatic Ultraviolet Irradiation

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

The Influence of Pupal Age on Sensitivity to Radiation

The Influence of Pupal Age on Sensitivity to Radiation

Experimental Observations on the Energy Metabolism of Human Placenta

Influence of environmental factors on the homoeotic effect ofloboid-ophthalmoptera inDrosophila melanogaster

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