A Quantitative Study of Geometric Characteristics of Urban Space Based on the Correlation with Microclimate

Hui-min, JI; Peng, Yunlong; Ding, Wowo

doi:10.3390/su11184951

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In engineering rapports, pedestrian overcrowding is recognized when a facility is operating over capacity. Capacity refers to the maximum possible ability to accommodate a flow [5] The capacity of 75 ped/min/m is shown in the Highway Capacity Guidelines [6]. The area required for one pedestrian when the sidewalk is full is 0.75 m2.…”

Section: Main Materials Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critics suggest that current pedestrian LOS methodologies are modelled too closely after vehicular LOS, often resulting in inadequate and contradictory assessments, or even showing good LOS values in an in-hospitable walking environment [4]. A basic question remains as to whether the HCM 2000 addresses pedestrian quality of service based on the user's perception [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of calculating level of service for pedestrians

Prykhodko¹,

Vikovych²

2021

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In this paper, several methods of the assessment of pedestrian objects operation based on the level of service are reviewed. Today, there is a problem that should be assessed, particularly how pedestrian paths respond the level of service. Assessment of this level is the most widespread method of determination the objects` quality that relate to the pedestrian operations. Places, where a significant probability of conflict between different flows and their users, are often called intersections. Moreover, on such intersections, particularly with complex road conditions and on which the movement of cyclists, cars, and different vehicles is present, road users face with complicated situations when every of them should be sure in his safety and forecast further actions and decisions of other road users. The most widespread and generally accepted methods of assessment of level of service on pedestrian path, particularly: Highway capacity manual 2000 method, Australian method, method of the trip quality, Landice model and common approach analysis. Vehicles, signal delay, and interaction of pedestrians and cyclists were determined as the main factors that have impact on the level of service of pedestrians at the intersections. Analysis of different methods in the paper allows assessing and identifying the level of service determining the characteristics that could help in solving the questions concerning the comfort of pedestrian movement. In the range of these methods, the principles of vehicles movement and interaction with pedestrians are also reviewed. Other methods relate more to the design of the objects of pedestrian environment than factual movement of pedestrians. To form the whole understanding of the methodology of determination of the level of service of pedestrian objects, we should analyze and compare the values, obtained by different methods.

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Section: Main Materials Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of calculating level of service for pedestrians

Prykhodko¹,

Vikovych²

2021

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“…The method of space division, used in this study, is to connect the nearest convex angles of the building walls. This method ensures a number of subspaces in the same urban area division are as low as possible, conforming to the operability, economy, and spatial cognitive principles [38,39]. According to the principle of connecting an adjacent building's external corner, the study case was divided into 352 subspaces using pink partition lines.…”

Section: Spatial Partition and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the spatial characteristics' indices should be reversible, for architecture and urban design. For these reasons, the spatial characteristics' indices used in this study are "openness," "area" and "shape" [38,39]. These spatial characteristics' indices can be calculated by Equations (2) to (4).…”

Section: Spatial Partition and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wind Tunnel Study on the Correlation between Urban Space Quantification and Pedestrian–Level Ventilation

Peng

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Correlation research on urban space and pedestrian–level wind (PLW) environments is helpful for improving the wind comfort in complex urban space. It could also be significant for building and urban design. Correlation research is usually carried out in a space with clear urban spatial characteristics, so it is necessary to define the space first. In this paper, a typical urban area in Nanjing, China, is selected as the research object, and a spatial partition method is used to divide the real complex urban space into subspaces. The urban spatial characteristics of such subspaces are quantified using three urban spatial indices: openness (O), area (A), and shape (S). By comparing the quantitative results, 24 (12 pairs) subspaces with prominent urban spatial indices are selected as the correlation research cases. The 24 subspaces also provide a reference for the layout of the measurement points in a wind tunnel experiment. This is a new arrangement for locating the measurement points of a wind tunnel for correlation research. In the experiment, 45 measurement points are located, and the mean wind velocity of four different wind directions at 45 measurement points is experimented. The results clearly show that, when the experimental conditions are the same, the changes of mean wind velocity ratio (UR) of 24 (12pairs) subspaces under the four experimental wind directions are close. The URs of the subspaces are not significantly affected by the wind direction, which is affected more by the subspaces’ spatial characteristics. When making the correlation analysis between mean wind speed ratio and spatial characteristics’ indices, a direct numerical comparison was not able to find a correlation. By comparing the difference values of mean wind speed (△UR) and indices between each pair of subspaces, the correlation between UR and openness of subspaces were found. Limited by spatial partition method, the correlation between UR and the other indices was not obvious.

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“…Hillier and Hanson (1989), Benedikt (1979), Batty (2001), and Othman, Yusoff, and Salleh (2020) combined the isovist analysis to map and quantified the visibility of the external space. Ji, Peng, and Ding (2019) adopted the area, shape, and openness to quantify the geometric characteristics of the external space. However, these indicators ignore the difference in building height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the openness of urban external space through urban section

Tong

Yang

Liu

et al. 2020

Geo-spatial Information Science

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For the urban built environment, the shape characteristics of the external space are of decisive significance. However, what is commonly referred to as open space is more of a definition of social attributes. Therefore, in the research on urban environments, especially in urban microclimate, the study of a microclimate's correlation with open space easily produces deviations. The identification of the openness of an external space based on a direct quantitative description is an important prerequisite for the cognitive urban form. In this study, based on the height-to-width ratio (HWR) of different directional sections of external space, areas with high openness in an urban space are extracted by the threshold value. In the case analysis of different areas in Nanjing, China, the results showed that the method is effective and convenient. The results of the analysis can also be used more widely in the urban design and research.

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A Quantitative Study of Geometric Characteristics of Urban Space Based on the Correlation with Microclimate

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Analysis of calculating level of service for pedestrians

Analysis of calculating level of service for pedestrians

A Wind Tunnel Study on the Correlation between Urban Space Quantification and Pedestrian–Level Ventilation

Quantification of the openness of urban external space through urban section

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