A quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for beak and feather disease virus

Shearer, Patrick; Sharp, Margaret; Bonne, Nicolai; Clark, P.; Raidal, Shane R.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.03.009

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Birds with an overall condition score of below three had a mean viral load ratio of greater than 10 3 , while those with a condition score of three and greater had a mean viral load ratio of less than one. Similar results have been reported in a controlled challenge experiment in long-billed corellas, in which a peak viraemia of around 10 6 copies/ll was detected from week two after challenge and continued past week six [31,32]. This is similar to the maximum rep gene copy number found in this study (Table 2).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Beak and feather disease virus: correlation between viral load and clinical signs in wild Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

et al. 2014

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Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), the most prevalent viral disease affecting psittacines, is caused by beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). This study assessed viral load using qPCR in a wild Cape parrot population affected by PBFD and compared it to overall physical condition based on clinical signs attributable to PBFD. A significant inverse correlation between viral load and overall physical condition was found, which confirmed that clinical signs may confidently be used to diagnose the relative severity of BFDV infections in wild populations. This is the first assessment of BFDV viral load in a wild psittacine population.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Beak and feather disease virus: correlation between viral load and clinical signs in wild Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

et al. 2014

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“…Quantitative (real-time) PCR techniques are now being more regularly applied to determine individual viral load [ 37 , 53 , 66 ], as probe-based assays are able to detect viral DNA at much lower concentrations than approaches that rely on detection by the naked eye when visualizing a gel. However, the reagents and equipment required for screening using standard PCR are currently substantially less expensive than those used for probe-based assays and are thus likely to have continued widespread use for the purpose of general BFDV screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beak and feather disease virus in wild and captive parrots: an analysis of geographic and taxonomic distribution and methodological trends

2016

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Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) has emerged in recent years as a major threat to wild parrot populations and is an increasing concern to aviculturists and managers of captive populations. Pathological and serological tests for screening for the presence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) are a critical component of efforts to manage the disease and of epidemiological studies. Since the disease was first reported in the mid-1970s, screening for BFDV has been conducted in numerous wild and captive populations. However, at present, there is no current and readily accessible synthesis of screening efforts and their results. Here, we consolidate information collected from 83 PBFD- and BFDV-based publications on the primary screening methods being used and identify important knowledge gaps regarding potential global disease hotspots. We present trends in research intensity in this field and critically discuss advances in screening techniques and their applications to both aviculture and to the management of threatened wild populations. Finally, we provide an overview of estimates of BFDV prevalence in captive and wild flocks alongside a complete list of all psittacine species in which the virus has been confirmed. Our evaluation highlights the need for standardised diagnostic tests and more emphasis on studies of wild populations, particularly in view of the intrinsic connection between global trade in companion birds and the spread of novel BFDV strains into wild populations. Increased emphasis should be placed on the screening of captive and wild parrot populations within their countries of origin across the Americas, Africa and Asia.

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“…However, serological tests are good indicators of immune status and presence of chronic disease in the bird, but are of little value in predicting a clinical diagnosis of the disease. More recently, molecular based tests [4] , [8] , [15] , [18] that use specific primers for the target sequence, have been more successful in making a timely diagnosis of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and detection of beak and feather disease virus in psittacine birds in the UAE

Hakimuddin¹,

Abidi²,

Jafer³

et al. 2016

Biomolecular Detection and Quantification

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Beak and feather disease is caused by Circovirus, which affects actively growing beak and feather cells of avian species. The disease affects mainly young birds while older birds may overcome the disease with few lasting effects. Due to lack of treatment, the only way to control the disease is through hygiene and early diagnosis. As a diagnostic tool, we have established a Taqman probe based real-time PCR assay to detect the presence of the viral genome in psittacine birds in UAE and reported the incidence of circovirus in different species of psittacine birds. The sensitivity of our assay was found to be very high with detection limit of up to 3.5 fg of DNA in the sample. The mean prevalence of circovirus was found to be 58.33% in African Grey Parrots, 34.42% in Cockatoos, 31.8% in amazon parrots and 25.53% in Macaws.The Taqman assay is a quick, reliable and sensitive detection method that has been instrumental in identifying this disease that was not previously reported in the region.

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A quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for beak and feather disease virus

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Beak and feather disease virus: correlation between viral load and clinical signs in wild Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

Beak and feather disease virus: correlation between viral load and clinical signs in wild Cape parrots (Poicepahlus robustus) in South Africa

Beak and feather disease virus in wild and captive parrots: an analysis of geographic and taxonomic distribution and methodological trends

Incidence and detection of beak and feather disease virus in psittacine birds in the UAE

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