A quantitative PCR assay for antiviral activity screening of medicinal plants against Herpes simplex 1

Gabaglio, Samuel; Alvarenga, Nelson; Cantero-González, Guadalupe; Degen, Rosa; Ferro, EA; Langjahr, Patricia; Chnaiderman, Jonás; Sotelo, Pablo H.

doi:10.1080/14786419.2019.1675064

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Cytotoxicity assays were performed as previously described [ 53 ]. Using the resazurin technique, the maximum non-toxic concentration was determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Discrimination, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Water-Soluble Inhibitors from Saussurea costus Herb against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2022

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Siddha medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and is believed to have originated more than 10,000 years ago and is prevalent across ancient Tamil land. It is undeniable that inhibitor preferences rise with increasing solubility in water due to the considerations pertaining to the bioavailability and the ease of which unabsorbed residues can be disposed of. In this study, we showed the phytochemical discrimination of Saussurea costus extracted with water at room temperature as a green extraction procedure. A total of 48 compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fatty acids had a high phytochemical abundance at 73.8%, followed by tannins at 8.2%, carbohydrates at 6.9%, terpenoids at 4.3%, carboxylic acids at 2.5%, hydrocarbons at 2.4%, phenolic compounds at 0.2%, and sterols at 1.5%. Of these compounds, 22 were docked on the active side and on the catalytic dyad of His41 and Cys145 of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro). Eight active inhibitors were carbohydrates, five were fatty acids, three were terpenoids, two were carboxylic acids, one was a tannin, one was a phenolic compound, and one was a sterol. The best inhibitors were 4,8,13-Cyclotetradecatriene-1,3-diol, 1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(1-methylethyl), Andrographolide, and delta.4-Androstene-3.beta.,17.beta.-diol, with a binding affinity that ranged from −6.1 kcal/mol to −6.5 kcal/mol. The inhibitory effect of Saussurea costus of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell was studied using a pseudovirus with Spike proteins from the D614G variant and the VOC variants Gamma and Delta. Based on the viral cycle of SARS-CoV-2, our results suggest that the Saussurea costus aqueous extract has no virucidal effect and inhibits the virus in the events after cell entry. Furthermore, the biological activity of the aqueous extract was investigated against HSV-1 virus and two bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1026 and Escherichia coli ATCC 9637. According to this study, an enormous number of water-soluble inhibitors were identified from Saussurea costus against the Mpro, and this is unprecedented as far as we know.

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“…Cytotoxicity assays were performed as previously described [ 53 ]. Using the resazurin technique, the maximum non-toxic concentration was determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Discrimination, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Water-Soluble Inhibitors from Saussurea costus Herb against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2022

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“…The natural products to be studied were selected mainly based on availability. In the case of plant extracts, most of them showed antiviral activity against HSV-1 [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. On the basis of molecular docking, some compounds present in essential oils (β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, linalool, trans-anethole, S-limonene, R-limonene, cis-verbenol, and guaiol) have been proposed as binders of SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE2 [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Natural Products Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the search for new molecules with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The entry of the virus into the cell is one of the main targets for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Natural products are an important source of new therapeutic alternatives against diseases. Pseudotyped viruses allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry inhibitors, and due to their simplicity, they allow the screening of a large number of antiviral candidates in Biosafety Level 2 facilities. We used pseudotyped HIV-1 with the D614G SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to test its ability to infect ACE2-expressing HEK 293T cells in the presence of diverse natural products, including 21 plant extracts, 7 essential oils, and 13 compounds from plants and fungi. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was evaluated using the resazurin method. From these analyses, we determined the inhibitory activity of the extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis, which had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 91.65 µg/mL, a CC50 of 693.5 µg/mL, and a selectivity index (SI) of 7.57, indicating its potential use as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Moreover, our work indicates the usefulness of the pseudotyped-virus system in the screening of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.

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“…All qPCR reactions were performed as previously described (Gabaglio et al 2019). A 10 μL reaction mix was prepared with 5 μL SsoAdvanced Universal SYBR Green Supermix (BIORAD), 0.5 μL of each 10 mM primer, and 1 μL of the samples.…”

Section: The Qpcr Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 72 h.p.i., resazurin was added to a final concentration of 0.0015% per well. Following 3 h of incubation, absorbances at 570 and 630 nm were measured and calculated as was previously described (Gabaglio et al 2019). The CC50 was obtained by diluting and analyzing a two-fold serial.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of medicinal plants from El Salvador for anti-viral activity against Herpes simplex 1

Franco-Espínola

Núñez

Sanabria-Ramírez

et al. 2022

Natural Product Research

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Herpes simplex virus 1 is one of the most prevalent pathogens worldwide. Resistant strains to current anti-viral treatment have been reported, requiring the search for novel anti-virals. Using a qPCR method to assess anti-herpetic activity from natural products, we analyzed 72 plant extracts from El Salvador and identified eighteen methanolic extracts with antiviral activity of ≥ 75%. Anti-herpetic activity has not been previously reported in fourteen of the plants (Euphorbia lancifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Cordia alliodora, Tecoma stans, Taraxacum officinale, Hamelia patens, Witheringia solanacea, Emilia fosbergii, Gnaphalium viscosum, Citrus aurantium, Ambrosia peruviana, Carica papaya, Solanum hazenii, Melothria pendula). Four extracts were from species with previously reported antiherpetic activity (Plantago major, Psidium guajava, Sida acuta, Bursera simaruba). These extracts´ effective anti-viral concentrations (EC50) were between 203 and 6.31 µg/mL, while the selectivity indexes (SI) were between 55.91 and 2.57. Euphorbia lancifolia showed the most effective anti-viral activity (EC50= 6.31 µg/mL, SI= 51.82).

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A quantitative PCR assay for antiviral activity screening of medicinal plants against Herpes simplex 1

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Phytochemical Discrimination, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Water-Soluble Inhibitors from Saussurea costus Herb against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2

Phytochemical Discrimination, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Water-Soluble Inhibitors from Saussurea costus Herb against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2

Screening of Natural Products Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry

Screening of medicinal plants from El Salvador for anti-viral activity against Herpes simplex 1

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