A Quantitative Method for Estimating Bacillus Acidophilus in Saliva

Hadley, Faith P.

doi:10.1177/00220345330130051101

Cited by 147 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The reports by Kligler in 1915 (62, 63) that plaques on carious surfaces had higher proportions of lactobacilli than plaques on caries-free surfaces prompted investigators to study the relationship of lactobacilli with this disease. In comparisons of groups, it was found that the numbers of lactobacilli in saliva or on the tooth surface statistically correlated with caries activity but this positive relationship was often absent in individual subjects (64)(65)(66)(67). The presence of lactobacilli in the mouth was also reported to precede clinically detectable carious lesions (66), and their numbers in saliva were positively influenced by the quantity of dietary carbohydrate ingested (68).…”

Section: Lactobacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Caries

Gibbons¹,

Houte²

1975

Annu. Rev. Med.

271

155

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Section: Lactobacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Caries

Gibbons¹,

Houte²

1975

Annu. Rev. Med.

271

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This paper includes the results of an attempt to develop a simple colorimetric method for the estimation of the relative numbers of lactobacilli in the saliva as a supplementary procedure for the quantitative techniques (1,2) used in the study of dental caries. The test was based on the assumption that since caries activity is closely correlated with the numerical rise and fall of lactobacilli in the saliva, it should be possible to demonstrate a corresponding increase and decrease in the amount of acid produced in a selective carbohydrate medium inoculated with definite amounts of saliva.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Simple Colorimetric Method for the Estimation of Relative Numbers of Lactobacilli in the Saliva

Snyder

1940

J Dent Res

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This paper includes the results of an attempt to develop a simple colorimetric method for the estimation of the relative numbers of lactobacilli in the saliva as a supplementary procedure for the quantitative techniques (1, 2) used in the study of dental caries. The test was based on the assumption that since caries activity is closely correlated with the numerical rise and fall of lactobacilli in the saliva, it should be possible to demonstrate a corresponding increase and decrease in the amount of acid produced in a selective carbohydrate medium inoculated with definite amounts of saliva. Thus, significant color changes in selected time intervals could be interpreted roughly in terms of lactobacilli per c.c. of saliva as established by an adequate number of control plate counts. The present data embodies a large series of tests on specimens of saliva sent to the School of Dentistry of the University of Michigan for estimation of numbers of lactobacilli. METHOD AND MATERIALThe essential requirement for such a method was a medium selective for the acidogenic organisms, especially the lactobacilli, in the saliva and so colored that shifts in the indicator could easily be detected. Beef infusion agar to which glucose or lactose and an indicator were added was found to be very satisfactory since acid tomato-peptone agar (2) masked the color of the indicators used. Since the medium to be sufficiently selective must have an initial acidity of at least pH 5.0, the number of indicators was at once limited.After many trials with brom-cresol-green (pH 3.8-5A), brom-phenol-blue (pH 3.0-4.6), benzene-azo-a-naphthylamine (pH 3.7-5.0), and a-naphthylamine-azo-sulfanilic acid (pH 3.5-5.7), it was found that brom-cresol-green was the most satisfactory because the color changes were easy to follow and the indicator was stable at sterilizing temperatures.

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“…3 and 4) however, showed a rapid depression of pH from 6.8 to 4.8 in 2 hours to 4.4 in 4 hours and 3.9 in 24 hours. Total titrable acidity increased from 0.40 cc N/100 acid to 1.35 cc in 2 hours, 1 dropped more slowly in tests on saliva from patients only slightly caries active than in tests on saliva from very active patients. The pH reached 5.6 in 2 hours, 5.1 in 4 hours and 4.4 in 24 hours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Testing Caries Activity By Acid Production in Saliva

et al. 1943

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A quick, simple, accurate method of evaluating dental caries activity of individuals, before the actual dissolution of enamel begins, would be a valuable aid in studies and treatments of dental caries because knowledge of caries activity would permit the dentist to plan his dental treatment program more intelligently and investigators could study methods of controlling dental caries more efficiently. Several methods of testing for dental caries activity have been reported, most of them based upon interpretations of studies of the oral flora, or upon the action of oral bacteria on carbohydrates. A brief outline of the better known tests follows:(1) Lactobacillus acidophilus colony counts [Hadley, Bunting and Delves (1)1. Studies are made of the number and types of colonies of Lactobacillus acidophilus which will grow in 48 hours on tomato agar (pH 5.0) plates after inoculation with 0.1 c.c. of a 1 in 5 dilution of saliva collected while the patient is chewing paraffin. High colony counts indicate caries activity while counts 0-100 indicate caries inactivity.(2) Direct microscopic study of plaque material [Blayney (2) 1. Plaques carefully removed from tooth surfaces under observation are stained and studied. Results indicate that caries active areas show plaques containing innumerable cocco-bacilli, while caries immune areas show a mixed flora of a different nature.(3) Enamel decalcification test [Fosdick, Hansen and Epple (3)1. Powdered enamel is suspended in a mixture of 6 c.c. of stimulated saliva and 0.2 gm. of glucose and agitated in a 3700 water bath for 4 hours. The amount of enamel which is dissolved is calculated by titration with N/100 KMmOj. As enamel dissolution increases above 9-10 mg. increase in caries activity is reported.(4) Study of pH of plaques on tooth surfaces [Stephan (4) ]. Using an antimony electrode, Stephan demonstrated that dental plaques varied in their pH, and those of low pH were apparently in caries active areas.(5) Fermentation Test [Snyder (5) ]. A 0.2 cc sample of stimulated saliva is incubated in 5 to 7 cc. of culture media containing Brom-cresol-green indicator. Formation of acid is shown by color change of indicator in 48 hours; saliva samples from caries active patients produce more acid than salivary samples from caries inactive patients.The present report concerns another method. of testing for dental caries activity. Our test is based upon the premise that acidogenic organisms are more nuimerous and more active in saliva from caries active patients, so that when a freely fermentable carbohydrate is added, acid production quickly follows.

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A Quantitative Method for Estimating Bacillus Acidophilus in Saliva

Cited by 147 publications

References 6 publications

Dental Caries

Dental Caries

A Simple Colorimetric Method for the Estimation of Relative Numbers of Lactobacilli in the Saliva

Testing Caries Activity By Acid Production in Saliva

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