A quantitative measurement of the nitrogen loss from the root system of field peas (Pisum avense L.) grown in the soil

Sawatsky, N.; Soper, R. J.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(91)90061-n

Cited by 73 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Under these conditions, rhizodeposition constituted 17±24% of the total below-ground clover-N. These values agree with the estimates obtained by the use of comparable 15 N-labelling techniques for pea in pot experiments (Sawatsky and Soper, 1991;Jensen, 1996), alfalfa in solution culture (Ta et al, 1979), and ®eld bean and soybean in a pot study (Ruschel et al, 1979). Others found that rhizodeposition of N from alfalfa were insigni®cant under both ®eld and controlled conditions (Lory et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Under such conditions, the rhizodeposition of N amounted to approx. 30% of the total belowground plant-derived N in 3-month-old maize (He Âtier et al, 1986) and, for mature plants, 46±48% in pea (Jensen, 1996;Sawatsky and Soper, 1991), 71% in barley (Sawatsky and Soper, 1991), 16±19% in wheat (Janzen, 1990;Janzen and Bruinsma, 1989;Janzen and Bruinsma, 1993) and 65% in lupin (Russell and Fillery, 1996b). Due to differences in rooting volume these values cannot be directly transferred to the ®eld situation.…”

Section: Rhizodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

Høgh‐Jensen¹,

Schjøerring²

2001

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

150

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Correct assessment of the rhizodeposition of N in grassland is essential for the evaluation of biological N 2 -®xation of legumes, for the total N balance of agro-ecosystems, and for the pre-cropping value of grasslands. Using a leaf-feeding technique by which plants were 15 N labelled while growing in mezotrons in the ®eld, the rhizodeposition of N by unfertilised red clover, white clover and perennial ryegrass growing in pure stands was shown to amount to 64, 71 and 9 g N m 22 , respectively, over two complete growing seasons. The corresponding values for red clover and white clover growing in mixtures with ryegrass were 89 and 32 g N m 22 , respectively. The rhizodeposited N compounds, including ®ne roots, constituted more than 80% of the total plant-derived N in the soil, and in all cases exceeded the amount of N present in stubble. In the mixtures of red clover±ryegrass and white clover±ryegrass and the pure stands of red clover, white clover and ryegrass, respectively, the rhizodeposition constituted a 1.05, 1.52, 1.26, 2.21 and 2.77 fold increase over the total N in the shoots harvested during the two production years. In pure stands and mixtures of clover, 84 and 92%, respectively, of this N derived from biological N 2 ®xation. It is concluded that rhizodeposition provides a very substantial input of N to the legume-based grassland systems with great consequences for ecosystem N balance and turnover. Furthermore, the amount of atmospheric-derived N in the rhizodeposits may exceed that in the harvested shoots. q

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Rhizodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

Høgh‐Jensen¹,

Schjøerring²

2001

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

150

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“…However, the highest value observed was 28Yo for Tangier flatpea in 1986, and we suggest that our study must have underestimated below-ground legrrme N allocations because the roots were excavated only to 30-cm depth and also because much N can be exuded from the roots during vegetative legume growth, as was found in a recent greenhouse study with field peas (Sawatsky and Soper 1991 For personal use only. with legume q/pe and growing-season weather conditions.…”

Section: Galculations and Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 46%

Nitrogen benefits from four green-manure legumes in dryland cropping systems

Biederbeck¹,

Bouman²,

Campbell³

et al. 1996

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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' ql{ winkleman, G' E' 1996' Nitrogen bclefits from four green-manure legumes in dryland cropping systems. can. i. punt Partial replacement of fallow with legume green manures has the p"ll"ti""i to improve i.ia ptJu"tt-"r.14 agricultural sustainability in the northern Great Plains' This is possible if N gains by annual legumes and enhan.eirrrent of soil N aiailability are optimized. The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the N distributionln different vegetative components of four annual legumes; (ii) estimate their ability to accumulate N through fixation; and (iii) compare the N uptate of ihe cereal crop that follows tegume green manure with that of cereal grown on fallow or of cereal ieceiving N fertilizer. Blac k lentii-(Lens culinaris Medik.), Tangier flatpea (Lathyrus tingitanus L'), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L)l and feedpea (Pisum satiwm L.) were grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Nitrogen concentration in iegume nodulei was several times greater than in any other plant part' However, N concentration in legume shoots was, on average, 27o/o greiter than in legume rJots. Total legume N content (% x mass) ranged from 4l to 126 kg hrl in years of low weedinJss. fn tt ose yeari, Uetow-"grounA Galculations and Statistical AnalysesSoil bulk densities determined at the same experimental site in a previous study (Dyck et al. 1977) were used together with depth increments to convert nutrient concentrations to nutrienfcontents. Plant and grain N yields were calculated as the product of nutrient concentrations and crop yields' The difference in plant N uptake between each legume at firll bloom and the N taken up by spring wheat from the continuous-wheat control treaunent when sampled the same day as the legumes was used to estimate total N fxed by the green--atture crop. For the wheat refefence crop, it was issumed, on the baiis of earlier experiments at the same site, that the below-ground N uptake was 20Yo of the total plant uptake and that the recovery of fertilizerN was 50% of the amonnt applied Campbell and Paul 1978 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE

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“…Haugen-Kozyra et al (1993) recovered 5 to 6% of the added 15 N in macro-roots of barley from the surface 30 cm at ear emergence and only 2% at harvest indicating a rapid in-season turnover of root N. Russell and Fillery (1996) showed, using in situ 15 N labelling through the shoot, that only 35% of the 15 N content of lupin below-ground biomass was recoverable as root material. The remainder of below-ground 15 N probably comprised fine roots and rhizodeposited N. Rhizo-deposited N has been estimated to vary from 22 to 46% of total below-ground plant N for pea (Sawatsky and Soper 1991) and from 18 to 33% for wheat (Janzen 1990). Jensen (1996b) found that rhizo-deposited N was more labile than root N. Thus, it is reasonable to infer that most of the labile 15 N found in quadrat 2 was derived from root and rhizo-deposited N.…”

Section: Which Pools Constitute the Below-ground Residual 15 N?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

Soon¹,

Arshad²

2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Soon, Y. K. and Arshad, M. A. 2004. Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legumebased cropping system. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 421-430. A field study was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of crop sequence, tillage and residue management on labile N pools and their availability because such information is sparse. Experimental treatments were no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), and removal vs. retention of straw, imposed on a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-field pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. 15 N-labelling was used to quantify N uptake from straw, below-ground N (BGN), and fertilizer N. Straw retention increased soil microbial biomass N (MBN) in 2 of 3 yr at the four-leaf growth stage of barley, consistent with observed decreases in extractable soil inorganic N at seeding. However, crop yield and N uptake at maturity were not different between straw treatments. No tillage increased soil MBN, crop yield and N uptake compared to CT, but had no effect on extractable soil inorganic N. The greater availability of N under NT was probably related to soil moisture conservation. Tillage effects on soil and plant N were mostly independent of straw treatment. Straw and tillage treatments did not influence the uptake of N from its various sources. However, barley following pea (legume/non-legume sequence) derived a greater proportion of its N from BGN (13 to 23% or 9 to 23 kg N ha -1 ) than canola following barley (nonlegumes) (6 to 16% or 3 to 9 kg N ha -1 ). Fertilizer N constituted 8 to 11% of barley N uptake and 23 to 32% of canola N uptake. Straw N contributed only 1 to 3% of plant N uptake. This study showed the dominant influence of tillage on N availability, and of the preceding crop or cropping sequence on N uptake partitioning among available N sources. [421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430]. Les auteurs ont effectué une étude sur le terrain afin d'établir les effets et les interactions de la succession des cultures, du travail du sol et de la gestion des résidus de récolte sur les réserves et la disponibilité du N labile, car on sait peu de choses en la matière. Les traitements examinés étaient les suivants : non-travail (NT) contre travail ordinaire (TO) du sol et retrait ou rétention de la paille dans un assolement orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-pois de grande culture (Pisum sativum L.). Les auteurs ont recouru au marquage par le 15 N pour quantifier l'absorption du N venant de la paille, du sol (NS) ou de l'engrais. La rétention de la paille a accru le N de la biomasse bactérienne (NBB) deux années sur trois au stade de la quatrième feuille, ce qui concorde avec la diminution du N minéral extractible présent dans le sol aux semis. Toutefois, le rendement et l'absorption de N à maturité ne varient pas avec le traitement de la paille. Comparativement au travail ordinaire du sol, le non-travail accroît le NBB, le rendement et l'absorption du N, sans agir sur la quantité de N minéral extractib...

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A quantitative measurement of the nitrogen loss from the root system of field peas (Pisum avense L.) grown in the soil

Cited by 73 publications

References 15 publications

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen by red clover, white clover and ryegrass leys

Nitrogen benefits from four green-manure legumes in dryland cropping systems

Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

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