A quantitative assessment of the 1998 carbon monoxide emission anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere based on total column and surface concentration measurements

Yurganov, Leonid; Blumenstock, Thomas; Grechko, E. I.; Hase, Frank; Hyer, E. J.; Kasischke, Eric S.; Koike, M.; Kondo, Yutaka; Kramer, I.; Leung, F. T.; Mahieu, Emmanuel; Mellqvist, Johan; Notholt, Justus; Novelli, P. C.; Rinsland, C. P.; Scheel, H. E.; Schulz, Astrid; Strandberg, A.; Sussmann, Ralf; Tanimoto, Hiroshi; Velazco, Voltaire A.; Zander, Rodolphe; Zhao, Yongjing

doi:10.1029/2004jd004559

Cited by 97 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The first 1998 peak is attributed to an increase of biomass burning emission on a global scale (Simmonds et al, 2005). 2003 featured extremely high Central European summer temperatures and accompanying forest fires in Portugal which could explain the observed increase, either directly or via increased vertical upward transport (Luterbacher et al, 2004;Tressol et al, 2008;Yurganov et al, 2004Yurganov et al, , 2005. According to van der Werf et al All these features are also present in the FTIR data, although the 2006 peak is much less prominent.…”

Section: Kolmogorov-zurbenko Filtered Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

1997–2007 CO trend at the high Alpine site Jungfraujoch: a comparison between NDIR surface in situ and FTIR remote sensing observations

Dils

Cui²,

Henne

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Within the atmospheric research community, there is a strong interest in integrated datasets, combining data from several instrumentations. This integration is complicated by the different characteristics of the datasets, inherent to the measurement techniques. Here we have compared two carbon monoxide time series (1997 till 2007) acquired at the high-Alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m above sea level), with two well-established measurement techniques, namely in situ surface concentration measurements using Non-Dispersive Infrared Absorption technology (NDIR), and ground-based remote sensing measurements using solar absorption Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The profile information available in the FTIR signal allowed us to extract an independent layer with a top height of 7.18 km above sea level, appropriate for comparison with our in situ measurements. We show that, even if both techniques are able to measure free troposphere CO concentrations, the datasets exhibit marked differences in their overall trends (−3.21 ± 0.03 ppb year −1 for NDIR vs.−0.8 ± 0.4 ppb year −1 for FTIR). Removing measurements that are polluted by uprising boundary layer air has a strong impact on the NDIR trend (now −2.62 ± 0.03 ppb year −1 ), but its difference with FTIR remains significant. Using the LAGRANTO trajectory model, we show that both measurement techniques are influenced by different source regions and therefore are likely subject to exhibit significant differences in their overall trend behaviour. However the observation that the NDIR-FTIR trend difference is as significant before as after 2001 is at odds with available emission databases which claim a significant Asian CO increase after 2001 only.

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Section: Kolmogorov-zurbenko Filtered Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

1997–2007 CO trend at the high Alpine site Jungfraujoch: a comparison between NDIR surface in situ and FTIR remote sensing observations

Dils

Cui²,

Henne

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The atmospheric abundance of several trace gases are retrieved (e.g. O 3 (Schneider et al, 2008;Barret et al, 2002), HNO 3 (Vigouroux et al, 2007;Griesfeller et al, 2005), CO (Yurganov et al, 2005(Yurganov et al, , 2004Borsdorff and Sussmann, 2009;Rinsland et al, 2002;Pougatchev and Rinsland, 1995), CO 2 (Yang et al, 2002), and CH 4 (Angelbratt et al, 2011;Washenfelder et al, 2003)). For the SWIR and mid-IR range, these measurements are provided by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Infrared Working Group (IRWG) and the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Tikhonov regularization: application to trace gas column retrieval and the efficient calculation of total column averaging kernels

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Insights are given into Tikhonov regularization and its application to the retrieval of vertical column densities of atmospheric trace gases from remote sensing measurements. The study builds upon the equivalence of the leastsquares profile-scaling approach and Tikhonov regularization method of the first kind with an infinite regularization strength. Here, the vertical profile is expressed relative to a reference profile. On the basis of this, we propose a new algorithm as an extension of the least-squares profile scaling which permits the calculation of total column averaging kernels on arbitrary vertical grids using an analytic expression. Moreover, we discuss the effective null space of the retrieval, which comprises those parts of a vertical trace gas distribution which cannot be inferred from the measurements. Numerically the algorithm can be implemented in a robust and efficient manner. In particular for operational data processing with challenging demands on processing time, the proposed inversion method in combination with highly efficient forward models is an asset. For demonstration purposes, we apply the algorithm to CO column retrieval from simulated measurements in the 2.3 µm spectral region and to O 3 column retrieval from the UV. These represent ideal measurements of a series of spaceborne spectrometers such as SCIA-MACHY, TROPOMI, GOME, and GOME-2. For both spectral ranges, we consider clear-sky and cloudy scenes where clouds are modelled as an elevated Lambertian surface. Here, the smoothing error for the clear-sky and cloudy atmosphere is significant and reaches several percent, depending on the reference profile which is used for scaling. This underlines the importance of the column averaging kernel for a proper interpretation of retrieved column densities. Furthermore, we show that the smoothing due to regularization can be underestimated by calculating the column averaging kernel on a too coarse vertical grid. For both retrievals, this effect becomes negligible for a vertical grid with 20-40 equally thick layers between 0 and 50 km.

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“…Accordingly, the mixing ratios of NO 2 from several monitoring stations and national networks showed downward trends of typically 0-6%/yr (Jonson et al, 2006, Brönnimann et al, 2002, Jenkin, 2008, and for CO of typically 1-3%/yr (Chevalier, 2008;Zellweger et al, 2009;Dils et al, 2009). For the long-lived CO with a life-time of 1-2 months, hemispheric impacts on the mixing ratios have been identified which include industrial and biomass burning emissions from the Asian and North American continents (Pfister et al, 2004, Yurganov et al, 2004. The relative source contribution of long-range transport grows with increasing elevation (Pfister et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides time series at four alpine GAW mountain stations in central Europe

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Long-term, ground based in-situ observations of ozone (O 3 ) and its precursor gases nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) from the four sites Hohenpeissenberg and Zugspitze (D), Sonnblick (A) and Jungfraujoch (CH) are presented for the period 1995-2007. These Central European alpine mountain observatories cover an altitude range of roughly 1000 to 3500 m. Comparable analytical methods and common quality assurance (QA) procedures are used at all sites. For O 3 and CO, calibration is linked to primary calibrations (O 3 ) or CO standards provided by the Central Calibration Laboratory (CCL) at NOAA/ESRL. All stations have been audited by the World Calibration Centre (WCC) for CO and O 3 (WCC-Empa; CH). Data from long-term measurements of NO 2 and CO are only available from Hohenpeissenberg and Jungfraujoch. Both sites show slightly decreasing mixing ratios of the primarily emitted NO 2 and the partly anthropogenically emitted CO between 1995 and 2007. The findings are generally consistent with shorter observation periods at Zugspitze and Sonnblick and thus are considered to represent regional changes in Central European atmospheric composition at this altitude range. Over the same period, 1995-2007, the O 3 mixing ratios have slightly increased at three of the four sites independent of wind sector. Trends are often more pronounced in winter and less in summer; highest declines of NO 2 and CO are observed in winter and the lowest in summer, whereas the strongest O 3 increase was detected in winter and lowest or even decline in summer, respectively. Weekly cycles demonstrate anthropogenic impact at all elevations with enhanced NO 2 on working days compared to weekends. Enhanced O 3 Correspondence to: S. Gilge (stefan.gilge@dwd.de) values on working days indicating photochemical production from anthropogenic precursors are only observed in summer, whereas in all other seasons anti-correlation with NO 2 was found due to reduced O 3 values on working days. Trends are discussed with respect to anthropogenic impacts and vertical mixing. The observed trends for NO 2 at the alpine mountain sites are less pronounced than trends estimated based on emission inventories.

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A quantitative assessment of the 1998 carbon monoxide emission anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere based on total column and surface concentration measurements

Cited by 97 publications

References 41 publications

1997–2007 CO trend at the high Alpine site Jungfraujoch: a comparison between NDIR surface in situ and FTIR remote sensing observations

1997–2007 CO trend at the high Alpine site Jungfraujoch: a comparison between NDIR surface in situ and FTIR remote sensing observations

Insights into Tikhonov regularization: application to trace gas column retrieval and the efficient calculation of total column averaging kernels

Ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides time series at four alpine GAW mountain stations in central Europe

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