A quantitative assessment of the efficacy of an environmental enrichment programme for giant pandas

Swaisgood, Ronald R.; White, Angela M.; Zhou, Xiaoping; Zhang, Hemin; Zhang, Guiquan; Wei, Rongping; Hare, Valerie J.; Tepper, Erin M.; Lindburg, Donald G.

doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1610

Cited by 109 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Swaisgood et al, 2001;Stepherdson et al, 1993). Furthermore, this lower frequency has also been found in dogs in relation to different types of environmental enrichment (Hubrecht et al, 1992;Hubrecht, 1993;Hetts et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Food enrichment is known to change the behavioural repertoire of captive animals in many ways. It can, for instance, increase the display of appetitive feeding behaviour, result in less inactivity and reduce abnormal behaviours, such as stereotypies (Hayes, 1990;Forthman et al, 1992;Stepherdson et al, 1993;Ings et al, 1996;O'Connor, 2000;Swaisgood et al, 2001;Shyne, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of feeding enrichment toys on the behaviour of kennelled dogs (Canis familiaris)

Schipper

Vinke

Schilder

et al. 2008

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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In general, an animal's inability to perform specific behaviours (for example, due to a lack of suitable stimuli or physical restraint) is often viewed as a cause of reduced welfare of animals kept in captivity. There is increasing evidence that the opportunity to display more species-specific appetitive behaviours is beneficial to captive animals. The present pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding enrichment toys on the behaviour of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) housed under laboratory conditions.The behaviour of eight laboratory dogs (Toy group) was observed in their home cage during three trials (pre-toy, toy interaction and post-toy). During the toy interaction trial, the animals received the 'Kong extreme TM '; a rubber dog toy stuffed with dog treats. The behavioural observations of the Toy group were compared to those of a sham-treated control group without a feeding enrichment toy, which consisted of nine laboratory dogs that were simultaneously observed.This study demonstrated that the presence of these food enrichment toys stimulates appetitive behaviours and increases the level of activity (exercise), measured in terms of time budgets and the total number of behavioural transitions. Moreover, it also appears to result into lower barking frequencies.The provision of a relatively simple feeding enrichment toy appears to be a useful tool to stimulate appetitive and more variable behavioural patterns, at least in the short-term, thereby promoting the welfare of (laboratory) dogs housed in kennels. The method of feeding enrichment used in this study may also be useful for dogs in other facilities which lack sufficient stimuli, such as animal shelters. Future studies should include a larger sample, more control groups and additional observation methods to detect, for example, low-frequency behaviours. Furthermore, they should also focus on individual food preferences (long-term) habituation effects and the provision of feeding enrichments under social housing conditions. #

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of feeding enrichment toys on the behaviour of kennelled dogs (Canis familiaris)

Schipper

Vinke

Schilder

et al. 2008

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…Environmental enrichment is widely used as a means of reducing stereotypy performance in captive animals (e.g., Brent & Belik, 1997;Boinski, Swing, Gross, & Davis, 1999;Carlstead, Brown, & Seidensticker, 1993;Forthman et al, 1992;Henderson & Waran, 2001;Swaisgood et al, 2001), but the developmental processes associated with attenuation (decrease in the amount of time stereotypies are performed) are generally not investigated in studies of this nature. Notable exceptions are those studies designed to determine the point at which stereotypy becomes established (e.g., Cooper et al, 1996;Ö dberg, 1987;Powell et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment and development of cage stereotypy in Orange‐winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica)

Meehan

Garner

Mench

2004

Developmental Psychobiology

117

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Stereotypies are abnormal repetitive behaviors that often develop in animals housed in impoverished environments. Stereotypy represents the interaction of several complex developmental phenomena. To characterize the temporal nature of stereotypy increase (escalation) and decrease (attenuation), we monitored changes in stereotypy performance in young Orange-winged Amazon parrots reared either in barren cages or cages provided with enrichments designed to facilitate foraging and locomotion. Unenriched parrots developed significantly more stereotypy than enriched parrots, and the mean time to stereotypy onset and the rate and magnitude of stereotypy increase also differed between the two groups. We then provided enrichment to the birds that had been reared in the barren cages. Following a 4-week delay, stereotypy was significantly reduced. These results show that stereotypy can be both prevented and reversed with appropriate environmental modification and illustrate how studying this behavior at many points over time can provide insights into its ontogeny.

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“…En tal sentido, se ha sugerido que los animales mantenidos en cautiverio carecen de las habilidades para sobrevivir en estado salvaje (Swaisgood et al, 2001). Los individuos en esta situación pueden perder la sensibilidad a los estímulos, no sólo como se mencionó anteriormente debido a los costos del mantenimiento del comportamiento antidepredatorio, sino también debido a las posibles perturbaciones que adiciona el ambiente de cautividad (como ruido de fondo, velocidad del viento, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Ethogram of the Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Captivity: An Experience in the Temaikèn Foundation

Schmidt

2012

Edentata

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A quantitative assessment of the efficacy of an environmental enrichment programme for giant pandas

Cited by 109 publications

References 16 publications

The effect of feeding enrichment toys on the behaviour of kennelled dogs (Canis familiaris)

The effect of feeding enrichment toys on the behaviour of kennelled dogs (Canis familiaris)

Environmental enrichment and development of cage stereotypy in Orange‐winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica)

Ethogram of the Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in Captivity: An Experience in the Temaikèn Foundation

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