A quantitative analysis of volcanic unrest: Mt. Spurr Alaska, 2002–2006

Mercier, David; Lowell, R. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.05.003

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…5D . This scheme is consistent with the geothermal model of Mercier and Lower 25 , in which the “boiling hydrothermal layer” is also defined at sea level and at approximately 3 km below the surface. Upward migration of steam, as well as CO 2 , SO 2 , H 2 S, and other volcanic gases, caused the strong heating and intensive fumarolic activity observed in the summit area from 2004 to 2006.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This model presumes the location of the magma source at 3 km below the surface, similar to our case. This concept was already used by Mercier and Lowell 25 to describe the nature of the “missed eruption” of Mt. Spurr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 ). During this stage, passing of the volatiles to the brittle part of the crust was prevented by a rigid layer, termed a self-sealed zone (SSZ) 25 , as shown in Fig. 5 by the gray color.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes of volcanic unrest at Mt. Spurr in 2004–2005 inferred from repeated tomography

Koulakov

Smirnov

Gladkov

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Mt. Spurr is the largest active volcano in Alaska of high explosive potential. The most recent activity, including two recent magmatic eruptions in 1953 and 1992, has occurred via the flanking Crater Peak. From 2004 to 2006, strong seismicity, gas flux, and heating were observed in the summit area, which had remained inactive for more than 5 Ka. To understand the cause of this reactivation, we performed repeated tomography inversions that clearly imaged the magma reservoir beneath Mt. Spurr and showed temporal changes in its shape and intensity. During the two years preceding the unrest, we observed ascension of the upper limit of the reservoir-related anomaly from a depth of 5 to 3 km below the surface, accompanied by strong seismicity. During the following years, the shape of the anomaly remained unchanged, but its intensity weakened. These observations may indicate the release of fluids from the ductile reservoir and fast upward ascent through the brittle cover that caused intensive seismicity and gas flux during the unrest from 2004 to 2006. The origin of this zone will possibly cause a resumption of explosive eruptions in the summit area of Mt. Spurr.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes of volcanic unrest at Mt. Spurr in 2004–2005 inferred from repeated tomography

Koulakov

Smirnov

Gladkov

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Seismic activity can also lead to rupturing of the brittle‐ductile transition zone. If there is an accumulation of hot fluid beneath this boundary, exsolved from crystallizing magmatic bodies, the release of these fluids would transport heat toward the surface (Fournier, ; Mercier & Lowell, ). Any combination of these effects is possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Geothermal Activity at Bárdarbunga, Iceland, Following the 2014–2015 Caldera Collapse, Investigated Using Geothermal System Modeling

et al. 2019

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The gradual collapse of the subglacial Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014–2015 provided an opportunity to explore the geothermal signals produced by large‐scale volcanic events. In August 2014, four ice cauldrons (shallow depressions on the ice surface) formed on the caldera flank. These cauldrons reached their maximum volume rapidly and then shrank, indicating that they were created during minor subglacial eruptions. Several weeks after the start of the collapse, three cauldrons on the caldera rim grew in volume, with four smaller cauldrons forming in 2015–2017. The cauldrons reached volumes in the range of 1.0 ± 0.2 to 27 ± 3 million m3. HYDROTHERM numerical simulations of fluid flow and heat transport in the uppermost 1 km of the crust were performed to explore possible causes for these thermal signals and in particular assess the role of shallow magmatic intrusions. The heat transfer required to create the more rapidly formed caldera‐rim cauldrons can be reproduced with shallow intrusions into high‐permeability pathways, which greatly enhance the surface thermal signal. The preintrusion temperature of the surrounding bedrock has a major effect on heat transfer to the surface, with cold bedrock causing a buffering effect, whereas temperature conditions close to the boiling point of water produce far more efficient heat transfer due to the formation of steam plumes. Not all observed behavior is reproduced by our models, suggesting that geothermal reservoirs below 1‐km depth may play a significant role in the observed thermal anomalies.

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Magma-fluid interactions beneath the Akutan Volcano in Aleutian Arc based on the results of local earthquake tomography

Koulakov

Smirnov

Бортникова

2020

Preprint

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A quantitative analysis of volcanic unrest: Mt. Spurr Alaska, 2002–2006

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Causes of volcanic unrest at Mt. Spurr in 2004–2005 inferred from repeated tomography

Causes of volcanic unrest at Mt. Spurr in 2004–2005 inferred from repeated tomography

Changes in Geothermal Activity at Bárdarbunga, Iceland, Following the 2014–2015 Caldera Collapse, Investigated Using Geothermal System Modeling

Magma-fluid interactions beneath the Akutan Volcano in Aleutian Arc based on the results of local earthquake tomography

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