A quantitative analysis of sniffing strategies in rats performing odor detection tasks

Youngentob, Steven L.; Mozell, Maxwell M.; Sheehe, Paul R.; Hornung, David E.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(87)90131-4

Cited by 196 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Balanced against this are several properties: First is the well known adaptation that occurs in olfactory receptor cells in response to prolonged or rapidly repeated odor stimulation. This effect would also be found at the sniffing rate of up to 8 Hz in the rat (Youngentob et al, 1987;Kepecs et al, 2006). In addition, there is evidence that a mechanism of input control operates within the glomerulus (Aroniadou-Anderjaska et al, 2000).…”

Section: Different Distributions Of Energy Demands In the Resting Andmentioning

confidence: 68%

An Energy Budget for the Olfactory Glomerulus

Nawroth

Greer²,

Chen³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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Section: Different Distributions Of Energy Demands In the Resting Andmentioning

confidence: 68%

An Energy Budget for the Olfactory Glomerulus

Nawroth

Greer²,

Chen³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…relative odorant flux) via lower flow rates may be important. Many studies have shown that odorants with different solubilities are deposited along different regions of the olfactory mucosa [8,[34][35][36][37]. This separation of odorants along the path of flow matches, at least to a first approximation, the location of the relevant olfactory receptors within the olfactory epithelium [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

How much does nasal cavity morphology matter? Patterns and rates of olfactory airflow in phyllostomid bats

2015

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The morphology of the nasal cavity in mammals with a good sense of smell includes features that are thought to improve olfactory airflow, such as a dorsal conduit that delivers odours quickly to the olfactory mucosa, an enlarged olfactory recess at the back of the airway, and a clear separation of the olfactory and respiratory regions of the nose. The link between these features and having a good sense of smell has been established by functional examinations of a handful of distantly related mammalian species. In this paper, we provide the first detailed examination of olfactory airflow in a group of closely related species that nevertheless vary in their sense of smell. We study six species of phyllostomid bats that have different airway morphologies and foraging ecologies, which have been linked to differences in olfactory ability or reliance. We hypothesize that differences in morphology correlate with differences in the patterns and rates of airflow, which in turn are consistent with dietary differences. To compare species, we make qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the patterns and rates of airflow through the olfactory region during both inhalation and exhalation across the six species. Contrary to our expectations, we find no clear differences among species in either the patterns of airflow through the airway or in rates of flow through the olfactory region. By and large, olfactory airflow seems to be conserved across species, suggesting that morphological differences appear to be driven by other mechanical demands on the snout, such as breathing and feeding. Olfactory ability may depend on other aspects of the system, such as the neurobiological processing of odours that work within the existing morphology imposed by other functional demands on the nasal cavity.

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“…Thus, it is the bulbar activation and potential changes in temporal and spatial events that occur within the first few hundred milliseconds of stimulus sampling that allows the animal to identify the stimulus. Furthermore, rats can alter their modes of sniffing as a function of concentration and discrimination difficulty (Youngentob et al, 1987), and odor stimulation in both awake and anesthetized animals can produce dynamic temporal and spatial changes across the epithelium and olfactory bulb that vary with odorant, flow parameters, respiratory cycle, and duration of odor exposure (Youngentob et al, 1987;Kent et al, 1996;Scott-Johnson et al, 2000;Wachowiak and Cohen, 2001;Spors and Grinvald, 2002;Lehmkuhle et al, 2003Lehmkuhle et al, , 2006. Spors et al (2006) have shown that the spatial pattern of glomerular activation changes within and across a respiration cycle and that the initial pattern and strength of glomerular responses are not predictive of that seen a few hundred milliseconds later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination between the Enantiomers of Carvone and of Terpinen-4-ol Odorants in Normal Rats and Those with Lesions of the Olfactory Bulbs

McBride¹,

Slotnick²

2006

J. Neurosci.

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We assessed (1) whether the enantiomers of terpinen-4-ol, odorants that activate nearly identical areas of the olfactory bulb, are more difficult to discriminate than those of carvone, odorants that activate different areas of the olfactory bulb, and (2) whether olfactory bulb lesions that disrupt the pattern of bulbar activation produced by these enantiomers degraded the ability of rats to discriminate between them. In psychophysical tests, normal rats discriminated between the enantiomers of terpinen-4-ol and of carvone equally well. Surgical lesions that removed the majority of bulbar glomeruli activated by these odorants (as demonstrated in previous olfactory bulb studies using intrinsic optical imaging and 2-deoxyglucose) resulted in increased detection thresholds but few or no deficits in discriminating between suprathreshold concentrations of the enantiomers. These results fail to confirm predictions based on 2-deoxyglucose maps of bulbar activity that enantiomers of terpinen-4-ol should be more difficult to discriminate than those of carvone and that the ability to discriminate between enantiomers of an odorant are based on differences in patterns of bulbar activation revealed in such maps.

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A quantitative analysis of sniffing strategies in rats performing odor detection tasks

Cited by 196 publications

References 28 publications

An Energy Budget for the Olfactory Glomerulus

An Energy Budget for the Olfactory Glomerulus

How much does nasal cavity morphology matter? Patterns and rates of olfactory airflow in phyllostomid bats

Discrimination between the Enantiomers of Carvone and of Terpinen-4-ol Odorants in Normal Rats and Those with Lesions of the Olfactory Bulbs

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