A quantitative analysis of a modified feeding method for rearing<i>Cimex lectularius</i>(Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in the laboratory

Chin-Heady, Eva; Demark, J. J.; Nolting, S. P.; Bennett, Gary W.; Saltzmann, Kurt D.; Hamm, Ronda L.

doi:10.1002/ps.3482

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…This strain was originally collected from the field in 1973 and has been maintained in the laboratory without insecticide selection pressure for more than 40 years. Insects were maintained in reach-in environmental chambers (Percival Scientific, Perry, IA, USA) at 25 • C temperature, 50% ± 15% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L: D) h. Insects were fed defibrinated rabbit blood (Hemostat Laboratories, Dixon, CA, USA) using the membrane feeding method described by Chin-Heady et al [31]. Topical application bioassays were performed with 8-10 day old adult males (average weight =~2 mg per insect) that were fed 4-5 days before initiating the bioassays.…”

Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.)

Gaire

Scharf

Gondhalekar

2020

Insects

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Management of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) necessitates the use of multiple control techniques. In addition to synthetic pesticides and mechanical interventions, plant-derived essential oils represent one of the control options. Mixtures of two or more essential oil components (monoterpenoids) exhibit synergistic toxicity effects against insects due to increased cuticular penetration. Monoterpenoids, such as carvacrol, eugenol and thymol, are neurologically active and inhibit the nerve firing activity of C. lectularius. However, the effects of mixtures of these monoterpenoids on their toxicity and neuroinhibitory potential against C. lectularius are not known. In this study, the toxicity levels of a tertiary mixture of carvacrol, eugenol and thymol (1:1:1 ratio) and a binary mixture of synthetic insecticides, bifenthrin and imidacloprid (1:1 ratio) were evaluated against C. lectularius through topical bioassays and electrophysiology experiments. Both a mixture of monoterpenoids and the mixture of synthetic insecticides exhibited synergistic effects in topical bioassays. In electrophysiology experiments, the monoterpenoid mixture led to greater neuroinhibitory effects, whereas a mixture of synthetic insecticides caused higher neuroexcitatory effects in comparison to single compounds. This study shows evidence for neurological mechanisms of synergistic interactions between monoterpenoids and provides information regarding the utilization of natural compound mixtures for C. lectularius management.

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Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.)

Gaire

Scharf

Gondhalekar

2020

Insects

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“…In our laboratory, Harlan, a long-term laboratory strain, readily feeds whereas recently field collected bugs often feed very poorly, necessitating numerous feeding bouts each week in order to sustain and grow populations. Chin-Heady et al [ 12 ] reported extremely variable feeding rates for both a laboratory strain (University of Florida) and a field strain (Indianapolis, IN, USA) reared on rabbit blood using a water bath method and a petri dish system. Bed bug feeding in their study typically was less than 50%, and as low as 0% in some weeks and as high as 75% in others.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Responses of the Bed Bug to Permethrin-Impregnated ActiveGuard™ Fabric

Jones

Bryant

Harrison

2013

Insects

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ActiveGuard™ Mattress Liners have been used to control house dust mites, and they also are commercially available as an integrated pest management tool for use against bed bugs (Cimex lectularius). The aim of our study was to evaluate responses of numerous populations of the bed bug to the permethrin-impregnated fabric, with particular regard to contact toxicity, repellency, and feeding inhibition. Continuous exposure to ActiveGuard fabric resulted in rapid intoxication for three of four populations, with 87 to 100% of moderately pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible bed bugs succumbing by 1 d. In comparison, a highly resistant population reached 22% mortality at 10 d. Video data revealed that bed bugs readily traversed ActiveGuard fabric and spent a considerable amount of time moving about and resting on it during a 12-h period. ActiveGuard fabric was non-repellent to bed bugs from five tested populations. Furthermore, significantly fewer bed bugs successfully fed to repletion through ActiveGuard fabric than through blank fabric for the five populations. With just 30 min of feeding exposure, mortality ranged from 4% to 83%, depending upon the bed bug strain. These laboratory studies indicate that ActiveGuard liners adversely affected bed bugs from diverse populations.

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“…All bed bug populations were maintained at 25 ±1°C, 50 ±10% RH and a 12:12 h (L:D) cycle in a temperature-controlled environmental chamber (Percival Scientific, Perry, IA). They were fed on defibrinated rabbit blood purchased from Hemostat Laboratories (Dixon, CA] using the membrane feeding method [35]. Heat selection experiments used large nymphs (4 th –5 th ) that were starved for seven days prior to heat exposure (step-function technique).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) exhibit limited ability to develop heat resistance

et al. 2019

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The global population growth of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.), is attributed to their cryptic behavior, diverse insecticide resistance mechanisms, and lack of public awareness. Bed bug control can be challenging and typically requires chemical and non-chemical treatments. One common non-chemical method for bed bug management is thermal remediation. However, in certain instances, bed bugs are known to survive heat treatments. Bed bugs may be present after a heat treatment due to (i) abiotic factors associated with the inability to achieve lethal temperatures in harborage areas for a sufficient time period, (ii) re-infestation from insects that escaped to cooler areas during a heat treatment or (iii) development of physiological resistance that allows them to survive heat exposure. Previous research has investigated the optimal temperature and exposure time required for either achieving complete mortality or sublethally affecting their growth and development. However, no research has examined bed bug populations for their ability to develop resistance to heat exposure and variation in thermo-tolerance between different bed bug strains. The goals of this study were: i) to determine if bed bugs could be selected for heat resistance under a laboratory selection regime, and ii) to determine if bed bug populations with various heat exposure histories, insecticide resistance profiles, and geographic origins have differential temperature tolerances using two heat exposure techniques (step-function and ramp-function). Selection experiments found an initial increase in bed bug survivorship; however, survivorship did not increase past the fourth generation. Sublethal exposure to heat significantly reduced bed bug feeding and, in some cases, inhibited development. The step-function exposure technique revealed non-significant variation in heat tolerance between populations and the ramp-function exposure technique provided similar results. Based on these study outcomes, the ability of bed bugs to develop heat resistance appears to be limited.

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A quantitative analysis of a modified feeding method for rearingCimex lectularius(Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in the laboratory

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.)

Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.)

Behavioral Responses of the Bed Bug to Permethrin-Impregnated ActiveGuard™ Fabric

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) exhibit limited ability to develop heat resistance

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