A qualitative study on illness perceptions and self-mastery among Chinese elderly with hypertension

Abstract

Objectives Hypertension stands as the most prevalent chronic disease globally, making self-care a crucial determinant in the trajectory of the illness. Yet, a significant challenge faced by many elderly individuals with hypertension is the accurate perception of the condition as an embodied symptom. The aim of this paper is to delve into the illness perceptions of older adults with hypertension and further gain insights into their self-management efforts. Methods This qualitative study involved 20 older adults living in community settings, all clinically diagnosed with hypertension. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews from May to August 2022, and the data was subsequently analyzed through thematic analysis. Results Based on data analysis, two primary themes emerged: Illness Ambiguity regarding Hypertension and Self-Mastery of Holistic Health. Illness ambiguity regarding hypertension was manifested by incidental discovery and elusive triggers of recurrence, hypertension management approaches and emotional complexities associated with aging. The participants demonstrated self-mastery as an effective strategy in coping with hypertension as well as other health problems, including psychological flexibility, active body ownership, and meaning-making for illness acceptance. Conclusions Older adults with hypertension faced illness ambiguity regarding their condition; however, they effectively coped by exercising self-mastery and adopting holistic health strategies to maintain their overall well-being. Future interventions in hypertension therapy and psychosocial care should be customized, taking into account these embodied experiences and the sociocultural contexts of the patients.