“…Legitimate decisions require, however, additional information regarding what health professionals, those that are at the frontline of rationing decisions, consider being fair. Although several empirical studies (Lian, 2001; Strech et al ., 2008; Arvidsson et al ., 2012; Antiel et al ., 2013; Winkelhage et al ., 2013; Hurst et al ., 2006, 2014; Papastavrou et al ., 2014; Defaye et al ., 2015; Theofanidis, 2015; Krűtli et al ., 2016; Pinho et al ., 2018; Pinho and Borges, 2021) explored the adherence of health professionals to these rationing criteria, the results are inconsistent and seem to be influenced by the study design, the framing of questions, and nationality of participants. Moreover, most studies do not explore healthcare professionals' attitudes regarding the main components of the rationing criteria.…”