“…Several early investigators discussed abnormal tongue posture and mobility in speakers with clefts, basing their rcmarks on clinical observations rather than physiological data (Brown and Oliver, 1940;Berry, 1949;McDonald and Koepp-Baker, 195 1;Morley, 1970). Some postulated that the tongue itself was structurally abnormal or poorly innervated, whereas others felt that aberrant lingual function was secondary to velopharyngeal inadequacy.…”