A qualitative study of older and middle‐aged adults' perception and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction

Kim, Sarang; Sargent‐Cox, Kerry; Anstey, Kaarin J.

doi:10.1111/jan.12641

Cited by 75 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this context, health promotion initiatives and the popular press strongly advocate that middle-aged adults should structure their lifestyle around a dementia-prevention regime that infiltrates the most routine dimensions of daily life, dictating appropriate food choices, behavioral practices, and mental activities (O'Connor and Joffe, 2015). The prominence afforded to these ideas means that among the general lay population, there is now high awareness regarding the supposedly protective effects of crossword puzzles, dietary supplements, and social interaction (Friedman et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2015;O'Connor and Joffe, 2015).…”

Section: Neuro-enhancement In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they retain a grip on the public imagination due to the fear that dementia commands in contemporary culture. Research shows that aging is often accompanied by high levels of dread about future cognitive decline (Cutler and Hodgson, 1996;Corner and Bond, 2004;Kim et al, 2015). A 2014 US poll conducted by the Alzheimer's Association identified Alzheimer's disease as the public's most feared illness, and the recent increase in dementia prevalence is framed in hyperbolic terms of an "epidemic, " "tsunami, " or "time-bomb" (Peel, Buckley et al, 2015).…”

Section: Neuro-enhancement In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuro-Enhancement Practices across the Lifecourse: Exploring the Roles of Relationality and Individualism

O’Connor

Nagel

2017

Front. Sociol.

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One key theme in sociological analysis of neuro-enhancement has been the question of whether the drive for enhancement promotes the cultural value of individualism. It has been argued that neuro-enhancement discourses implicitly propagate new responsibilities that oblige individuals to continually "work on" their brain to ensure its health and productivity. However, much of this critique relies on rather abstract analyses of discursive trends, with relatively little consideration of empirical evidence illuminating the role played by more "micro" social dynamics, such as interpersonal relationships, in the logics and practices of neuro-enhancement. This article proposes a novel perspective on neuro-enhancement by reviewing existing empirical literature enlightening everyday engagements with neuro-enhancement, and suggesting that relationality, rather than pure individualism, may be a better framework for conceptualizing these findings. The article advances this argument through a particular focus on two major preoccupations of neuro-enhancement discourses, namely, enhancing children's brains and preventing age-related cognitive deterioration. The article synthesizes the empirical evidence showing that these two concerns are essentially relational in experience and considers how familial relationships and conceptualizations of caregiving shape the ways neuro-enhancement concepts and technologies unfold in everyday life. The article offers insights from the philosophical literature on relationality as a conceptual framework to steer further investigation of neuro-enhancement's impact on contemporary society. A more holistic understanding of the relational dynamics that characterize everyday engagement with neuro-enhancement practices will enable better anticipation of the risks and benefits such practices may entail, due to greater insight into how they are likely to be enacted in context.

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Section: Neuro-enhancement In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuro-enhancement In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Enhancement Practices across the Lifecourse: Exploring the Roles of Relationality and Individualism

O’Connor

Nagel

2017

Front. Sociol.

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“…The authors found that there was a lack of knowledge about dementia risk factors [18]. The lack of knowledge on dementia risk factors was also seen to be the main barrier for behavioral and lifestyle changes [18]. If risk models incorporating modifiable risk factors for dementia are used, then there needs to be greater promotion and education around dementia risk factors so that at-risk individuals are motivated to reduce their risk of future dementia.…”

Section: Patient and Public Perceptions Of Dementia Risk Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been a recent attempt to assess perceptions of dementia risk reduction in older and middle-aged adults in a focus group study [18]. The authors found that there was a lack of knowledge about dementia risk factors [18]. The lack of knowledge on dementia risk factors was also seen to be the main barrier for behavioral and lifestyle changes [18].…”

Section: Patient and Public Perceptions Of Dementia Risk Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If patients and their families struggle to understand the outcome of risk assessment for less-stigmatized diseases such as cardiovascular disease [17], then it is even more imperative that, if risk assessment is used for dementia in either the whole or at-risk populations, strategies are developed that ensure that the process is person focused and not disease focused and that there are pathways in place for clinicians to help deal with a positive screening result. There has been a recent attempt to assess perceptions of dementia risk reduction in older and middle-aged adults in a focus group study [18]. The authors found that there was a lack of knowledge about dementia risk factors [18].…”

Section: Patient and Public Perceptions Of Dementia Risk Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dementia Risk Assessment Tools: an Update

Tang

Robinson

Stephan

2017

Neurodegener. Dis. Manag.

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" Given the fear and stigma surrounding dementia [16], it is important to seek the views of patients and their families before implementing risk assessment in clinical practice to assist with preventive treatment and future planning. " In the absence of effective treatments for dementia there has been an international focus towards risk reduction similar to other branches of medicine for example, cardiovascular disease [1]. It has been suggested that around a third of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases [2] and about a quarter to a third of dementia cases [3] could be prevented through the modification of key risk factors linked to health and lifestyle with examples including low educational attainment and physical inactivity. Some of these factors have been incorporated into models to predict an individual's risk of future dementia. However, previous systematic reviews have found that although some risk tools predict dementia with reasonable accuracy, none are currently recommended for use in clinical settings [4,5]. Since the last systematic review in 2015 there have been further models published. Therefore, the aim of this editorial is to provide an update on new developments in the dementia risk prediction modeling literature. Current developments in dementia risk prediction modelingRecent updates include: development of new genetic risk scores incorporating non-apolipoprotein (APOE) risk genes that are associated with incident AD [6]; development of a United Kingdom (UK)-based model, incorporating variables that are easily accessible in primary care [7] and testing of model size reduction and incorporating simple variables to reduce the cost/expertise needed for dementia risk score calculation [8]; extension of usage of risk scores into the clinical trial setting; and qualitative assessment of dementia risk reduction. A summary of each of these developments is included below. Genetic risk scoresPrevious genetic risk scores have assessed the benefits of using APOE e4 and non-APOE e4 genes (PICALM and CLU) to improve predictive models for incident AD [9]. There have been further models based on genetic risk scores produced since then. One example is a genetic risk score developed in 2016 that used common genetic variants associated with AD [6]. The authors observed that the aggregate measure of single nucleotide polymorphisms was more significantly associated with incident AD even without the inclusion of APOE e4 [6]. The authors assessed a risk model that incorporated age, sex, education and APOE in risk prediction after 7-year follow-up and found that when the genetic risk score was added to the risk model there was a small improvement in discrimination [6]. These scores could be used in trials to include those found to be at risk but asymptomatic from the disease. Reducing model complexityAlthough no economic analysis has been previously undertaken, a key criticism of past models was that they often contain resource intensive (in terms of data collection) and costly (in terms of equipment and expertise needed) ...

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Perception of Dementia Risk and Preventive Actions Among US Adults Aged 50 to 64 Years

et al. 2020

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IgG compared with MOG-IgG. Together, these sex differences and the greater detection of MOG-IgG, especially in children, suggests that central demyelinating diseases associated with these biomarkers may have different drivers of autoimmunity.The rare coexistence of these 2 antibody biomarkers also points to distinct immunopathogeneses of these diseases. It has been postulated that MOG-IgG is an epiphenomenon, occurring with exposure of antigen in the AQP4-IgG disease. However, the rarity of dual positivity is this large cohort is evidence against an epiphenomenon. All individuals with dual positivity had high titers of AQP4-IgG and low titers of MOG-IgG, suggesting the disease phenotype may be more compatible with AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.These findings suggest that MOG-IgG may occur more frequently than AQP4-IgG in patients tested for central demyelinating diseases, particularly in children. However, because the study population was derived from patients who had undergone a central demyelinating disease serological evaluation, these data should not be interpreted as representing seroprevalence in the general population. Further populationbased studies are required to determine the prevalence and incidence of MOG-IgG-associated disorders. That MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG rarely coexist highlights the immunopathogenic distinction of these biomarkers.

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A qualitative study of older and middle‐aged adults' perception and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction

Cited by 75 publications

References 35 publications

Neuro-Enhancement Practices across the Lifecourse: Exploring the Roles of Relationality and Individualism

Neuro-Enhancement Practices across the Lifecourse: Exploring the Roles of Relationality and Individualism

Dementia Risk Assessment Tools: an Update

Perception of Dementia Risk and Preventive Actions Among US Adults Aged 50 to 64 Years

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