A Qualitative Perspective on Multiple Health Behaviour Change: Views of Smoking Cessation Advisors Who Promote Physical Activity

Everson-Hock, Emma; Taylor, Adrian; Ussher, Michael; Faulkner, Guy

doi:10.1375/jsc.5.1.7

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Most exercise interventions to date have required patients to alter their substance/alcohol misuse behavior and exercise simultaneously, yet whether or not this strategy is optimal is unclear (132,133). For some individuals the challenge of changing two health behaviors simultaneously may be too demanding, whereas others may prefer to make multiple health behavior changes at once (134,135).…”

Section: Outstanding Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-based treatments for substance use disorders: evidence, theory, and practicality

Linke

Ussher

2014

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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147

116

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Background Epidemiological studies reveal that individuals who report risky substance use are generally less likely to meet physical activity guidelines (with the exception of certain population segments, such as adolescents and athletes). A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are interested in exercising and that they may derive benefits from regular exercise, in terms of both general health/fitness and SUD recovery. Objectives The aims of this paper were to: (i) summarize the research examining the effects of exercise-based treatments for SUDs; (ii) discuss the theoretical mechanisms and practical reasons for investigating this topic; (iii) identify the outstanding relevant research questions that warrant further inquiry; and (iv) describe potential implications for practice. Methods The following databases were searched for peer-reviewed original and review papers on the topic of substance use and exercise: PubMed Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus. Reference lists of these publications were subsequently searched for any missed but relevant manuscripts. Identified papers were reviewed and summarized by both authors. Results The limited research conducted suggests that exercise may be an effective adjunctive treatment for SUDs. In contrast to the scarce intervention trials to date, a relative abundance of literature on the theoretical and practical reasons supporting the investigation of this topic has been published. Conclusions Definitive conclusions are difficult to draw due to diverse study protocols and low adherence to exercise programs, among other problems. Despite the currently limited and inconsistent evidence, numerous theoretical and practical reasons support exercise-based treatments for SUDs, including psychological, behavioral, neurobiological, nearly universal safety profile, and overall positive health effects.

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Section: Outstanding Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-based treatments for substance use disorders: evidence, theory, and practicality

Linke

Ussher

2014

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Self Cite

147

116

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“…Two participants reported that they feel happier (n = 2), a finding that simulates the findings of Shahab and West (2009). One of the participants also said that after changing his smoking behavior, he feels more alive and more active (n = 1), something that may be related to physical changes (Everson-Hock, Taylor, Ussher, & Faulkner, 2010). The majority of the participants (n = 8) said that they feel happier, with increased confidence, and having much gained, feelings that might be present after achieving their goals (Locke & Latham, 2002;Theodorakis et al, 2007).…”

Section: Leontari Et Al Psychologymentioning

confidence: 73%

Motivational Interviewing for Smoking Cessation and Increase of Physical Activity in Αdults

Leontari¹,

Zisi²,

Gratsani³

et al. 2017

PSYCH

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This study investigated if and how an individual counselling program, based on motivational interviewing, affects lifestyle changes that contribute to smoking cessation and physical activity enhancement. The participants were 2 men and 6 women aged 25 -54 years. The program consisted of 12 individual weekly counselling sessions based on motivational interviewing. There was a 9 month follow up (monthly sessions, weekly telephone calls). A semi-structured interview was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program after the intervention. Qualitative content analysis was used, along with the In Vivo Software in organizing the data from the interview. At the end of the follow up, three participants stopped smoking, four participants turned to light smokers (<10 cigarettes per day) and only one person failed to change smoking behavior. The participants reported that the discussion and communication with the advisor were very helpful, such as the support, the commitment, the resistance and the goal setting techniques. The gains that the participants experienced were a general life-style change, smoking cessation or smoking reduction, motivation, sensitization, self-esteem, self-knowledge, safeness, stress reduction, relaxation and better physical condition. It seems that motivational interviewing greatly contributes to helping adults to quit or reduce smoking and adopt a healthier lifestyle.

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“…There is limited data on how, in practice, smoking cessation specialists promote changes in multiple health behaviours and, specifically, how physical activity is encouraged [23]. This study sheds some light on this, albeit with the focus being on pregnant smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the literature cites wide variation in the timing of exercise programmes for smoking cessation, at least for smokers in general, [19]. In some instances, it has been recommended that exercise and smoking are changed sequentially, rather than simultaneously [20–23]. Of relevance here, there is evidence that smokers who have achieved abstinence have higher confidence for increasing exercise than those only planning or preparing to quit [21]; which supports the notion of increasing exercise when abstinent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, others support the notion that a physical activity intervention should commence several weeks before quitting, enabling the smokers to cope with increasing their activity before starting to quit smoking [25]. Finally, there is also some indication of quit rates being higher when exercise is increased at the same time as quitting smoking, as opposed to doing this sequentially [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe challenges of delivering interventions for pregnant smokers have been poorly documented. Also, the process of promoting a physical activity intervention for pregnant smokers has not been previously recorded. This study describes the experiences of researchers conducting a randomised controlled trial of physical activity as an aid to smoking cessation during pregnancy and explores how the effectiveness of future interventions could be improved.MethodsTwo focus groups, with independent facilitators, were conducted with six researchers who had enrolled pregnant smokers in the LEAP trial, provided the interventions, and administered the research measures. Topics included recruitment, retention and how the physical activity intervention for pregnant smokers was delivered and how it was adapted when necessary to suit the women. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes emerged related to barriers or enablers to intervention delivery: (1) nature of the intervention; (2) personal characteristics of trial participants; (3) practical issues; (4) researchers’ engagement with participants; (5) training and support needs. Researchers perceived that participants may have been deterred by the intensive and generic nature of the intervention and the need to simultaneously quit smoking and increase physical activity. Women also appeared hampered by pregnancy ailments, social deprivation, and poor mental health. Researchers observed that their status as health professionals was valued by participants but it was challenging to maintain contact with participants. Training and support needs were identified for dealing with pregnant teenagers, participants’ friends and family, and post-natal return to smoking.ConclusionsFuture exercise interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy may benefit by increased tailoring of the intervention to the characteristics of the women, including their psychological profile, socio-economic background, pregnancy ailments and exercise preferences. Delivering an effective physical activity intervention for smoking cessation in pregnancy may require more comprehensive training for those delivering the intervention, particularly with regard to dealing with teenage smokers and smokers’ friends and family, as well as for avoiding post-natal return to smoking.Trial registration ISRCTN48600346, date of registration: 21/07/2008.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4013-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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A Qualitative Perspective on Multiple Health Behaviour Change: Views of Smoking Cessation Advisors Who Promote Physical Activity

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Exercise-based treatments for substance use disorders: evidence, theory, and practicality

Exercise-based treatments for substance use disorders: evidence, theory, and practicality

Motivational Interviewing for Smoking Cessation and Increase of Physical Activity in Αdults

Lessons learned from the London Exercise and Pregnant (LEAP) Smokers randomised controlled trial process evaluation: implications for the design of physical activity for smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy

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