A qualitative assessment tool for the potential of infectious disease emergence and spread

Bridges, Victoria; Akkina, Judy; Grannis, J. L.; Johnson, Candice F.; Johnson, Richard E.; Tuszynski, Carol

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.008

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The QAToCA approach consisting of stratifying the determining factors into thematic areas is similar to that of the ScaLA tool (Bringe et al, 2006) and FoPIA approach (König et al, 2012) for assessing the sustainability, climate relevance and scaling-up potential of project approaches, and to that of Bridges et al (2007) in developing a qualitative assessment tool for the potential of infectious disease emergence and spread. Apart from its specific focus on CA, QAToCA differs from these other approaches in its ability to (i) assess the adoption potential of CA, (ii) determine the thematic contribution to the relative adoption potential (RT) and (iii) specifically diagnose hindering and supporting factors to the adoption potential of CA for a given case-study under consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption Potential for Conservation Agriculture in Africa: A Newly Developed Assessment Approach (QAToCA) Applied in Kenya and Tanzania

et al. 2012

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Conservation agriculture (CA) is often promoted as a set of cropping practices to reduce soil erosion and maintain soil fertility, while decreasing production costs and increasing crop yields. However, CA adoption is extremely low in Africa. Most investigations on constraints of its adoption leave out (i) the characteristics of CA as an emerging innovation and (ii) the wider institutional context. A comprehensive selfassessment tool for a systematic evaluation of factors influencing the CA adoption process at the field, farm and regional scale in a variety of regional contexts in Africa is still lacking. In an attempt to fill this knowledge gap, this article presents the motivation, development and testing of a Qualitative expert Assessment Tool for CA adoption in Africa (QAToCA) and its application. QAToCA is directed to regional experts, research teams and managers of development projects with a focus on CA, and allows them to assess their CA activities along a systematic, expert-based list of questions and criteria. Specifically, it aims at assessing the adoption potential of CA under the varied agro-ecological, socio-economic, cultural and institutional conditions of Africa as well as the specific supporting and hindering factors influencing this process.As an example, its application in Kenya and Tanzania identified a relatively high CA adoption potential. The following factors, however, are noticed to require further improvement: accessibility of markets for CA products and inputs; adaptation of machinery and seeds to the CA practices; introduction of quality implementation measures; and a renewed motivation (interest) among CA service providers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption Potential for Conservation Agriculture in Africa: A Newly Developed Assessment Approach (QAToCA) Applied in Kenya and Tanzania

et al. 2012

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“…Murray and Peeler [12] and Bridges et al [46] used risk models to investigate drivers for the emergence of disease in aquaculture. However, disease emergence in terrestrial systems has been studied in greater depth [47-49], in particular the evolution of virulence [50-52], the importance of animal reservoirs [53] and multiple hosts [54-56].…”

Section: Transboundary and Emerging Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of epidemiology in aquatic animal health -opportunities and challenges

Peeler

Taylor

2011

Vet Res

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Over recent years the growth in aquaculture, accompanied by the emergence of new and transboundary diseases, has stimulated epidemiological studies of aquatic animal diseases. Great potential exists for both observational and theoretical approaches to investigate the processes driving emergence but, to date, compared to terrestrial systems, relatively few studies exist in aquatic animals. Research using risk methods has assessed routes of introduction of aquatic animal pathogens to facilitate safe trade (e.g. import risk analyses) and support biosecurity. Epidemiological studies of risk factors for disease in aquaculture (most notably Atlantic salmon farming) have effectively supported control measures. Methods developed for terrestrial livestock diseases (e.g. risk-based surveillance) could improve the capacity of aquatic animal surveillance systems to detect disease incursions and emergence. The study of disease in wild populations presents many challenges and the judicious use of theoretical models offers some solutions. Models, parameterised from observational studies of host pathogen interactions, have been used to extrapolate estimates of impacts on the individual to the population level. These have proved effective in estimating the likely impact of parasite infections on wild salmonid populations in Switzerland and Canada (where the importance of farmed salmon as a reservoir of infection was investigated). A lack of data is often the key constraint in the application of new approaches to surveillance and modelling. The need for epidemiological approaches to protect aquatic animal health will inevitably increase in the face of the combined challenges of climate change, increasing anthropogenic pressures, limited water sources and the growth in aquaculture.Table of contents1 Introduction 42 The development of aquatic epidemiology 73 Transboundary and emerging diseases 93.1 Import risk analysis (IRA) 103.2 Aquaculture and disease emergence 113.3 Climate change and disease emergence 133.4 Outbreak investigations 134 Surveillance and surveys 154.1 Investigation of disease prevalence 154.2 Developments in surveillance methodology 164.2.1 Risk-based surveillance and scenario tree modelling 164.2.2 Spatial and temporal analysis 164.3 Test validation 175 Spread, establishment and impact of pathogens 185.1 Identifying routes of spread 185.1.1 Ex-ante studies of disease spread 195.1.2 Ex-post observational studies 215.2 Identifying risk factors for disease establishment 235.3 Assessing impact at the population level 245.3.1 Recording mortality 245.3.2 Farm health and production records 265.3.3 Assessing the impact of disease in wild populations 276 Conclusions 317 Competing interests 328 Authors' contributions 329 Acknowledgements 3310 References 33

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“…3,5,19 Using relatively simple analyses, each of these examples demonstrates how we may direct risk management better to minimize or mitigate disease threats challenging wildlife conservation, agricultural production, and public health. 3,5,19 Using relatively simple analyses, each of these examples demonstrates how we may direct risk management better to minimize or mitigate disease threats challenging wildlife conservation, agricultural production, and public health.…”

Section: Human Activities and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Risk Analysis in Wildlife Health Field Studies

Deem¹

2012

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine

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A qualitative assessment tool for the potential of infectious disease emergence and spread

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Adoption Potential for Conservation Agriculture in Africa: A Newly Developed Assessment Approach (QAToCA) Applied in Kenya and Tanzania

Adoption Potential for Conservation Agriculture in Africa: A Newly Developed Assessment Approach (QAToCA) Applied in Kenya and Tanzania

The application of epidemiology in aquatic animal health -opportunities and challenges

Disease Risk Analysis in Wildlife Health Field Studies

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