“…In the industrial sphere, nuclear isotopes have driven advancements across domains including materials analysis [ 25 ], manufacturing [ 36 ], environmental studies [ 37 , 38 ], and process optimization [ 39 ]. Radioisotopic tracers have illuminated the intricate dynamics of flows [ 40 ], mixing, and residence times in complex chemical [ 41 ], petrochemical [ 42 ], and wastewater treatment systems [ 43 ], enabling significant performance improvements.…”