A QoS-Based Robust Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks

Abstract

Abstract-In Mobile ad hoc networks, the unstable transport layer and inhibited amount of traffic being carried out by the network is owing to the high packet loss rates and frequent topological changes. It is essential that least available bandwidth and end-to-end latency along with congestion around a link are integrated in a QoS-based routing metric for MANETs. In this paper we develop a QOS-based, Robust Multipath Routing (QRMR) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks to allot weights to individual links, depending on the metrics link quality, channel quality and end-to-end delay. The individual link weights are combined into a routing metric to validate the load balancing and interference between links using the same channel. Consequently, the traffic is balanced and the network capacity is improved as the weight value assists the routing protocol to evade routing traffic through congested area. Subsequently, the selection of the proportion of traffic to be routed to each neighbor is made to perform routing such that the weight of the node is a possible minimum. We illustrate the robustness of our protocol as it accomplishes increased packet delivery ratio with reduced latency, through simulation results.

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“…By using the Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector routing protocol, the routes are created on demand that is only when a route is needed for which there is no "fresh" record in the routing table. In order to facilitate determination of the freshness of routing information, AODV maintains the time since an entry has been last utilized [2]. A routing table entry is "expired" after a certain predetermined threshold of time.…”

“…The source has to continuously monitor the position of the nodes to make sure that the data is being carried through the path to the destination without loss. In any case, if the position of the nodes change and the source doesn't make a note of it then the packets will be lost and eventually have to be resent [2]. The path selection, maintenance and data transmission are consecutive processes.…”

Ant Colony Optimization based Delay and Energy Conscious Routing Protocol for Mobile AdHoc Networks

“…As the nodes correspond over wireless links, all the nodes must combat against the extremely erratic character of wireless channels and intrusion from the additional transmitting nodes. These factors make it a challenging problem to exploit on data throughput even if the user-required QoS in wireless adhoc networks is achieved [1]. A source node that needs to communicate with a destination node uses either a direct link or a multihop route to reach the latter.…”

“…This requires that all nodes must have some basic routing capability to ensure that packets are delivered to their respective destinations [2]. Repeated route changes cause huge complications in implementing adhoc networks owing to the mobility of the nodes and intrusion between nodes [1]. The high packet loss rates and recurrent topological changes lead to unbalanced transport layer and constrained amount of traffic being carried out by the network.…”

“…The high packet loss rates and recurrent topological changes lead to unbalanced transport layer and constrained amount of traffic being carried out by the network. The three eminent problems in adhoc networks are the lack of constant packet delivery due to the intrusion and movement of nodes, incomplete bandwidth owing to the channel limitations, and constrained node life span caused as an outcome of small battery size [1]. A major challenge in mobile adhoc networking is how to maximize data packet delivery in the face of rapidly changing network topology without incurring energy [2].…”