“…This includes different routing mechanisms, such as EM-Routing (Hinton, Sabour, and Frosst 2018), Self-Routing (Hahn, Pyeon, and Kim 2019), Variational Bayes Routing (Ribeiro, Leontidis, and Kollias 2020), Receptor Skeleton (Chen et al 2021) and attention-based routing (Ahmed and Torresani 2019;Tsai et al 2020;Mazzia, Salvetti, and Chiaberge 2021;Gu 2021). Wang and Liu (2018) reframed the routing algorithm in (Sabour, Frosst, and Hinton 2017) as an optimization problem, and Rawlinson, Ahmed, and Kowadlo (2018) introduced an unsupervised learning scheme for CapsNets. Other work replaced the capsule vector representations by matrices (Hinton, Sabour, and Frosst 2018) or tensors (Rajasegaran et al 2019), or added classic ConvNet features to the general routing mechanisms, such as dropout (Xiang et al 2018) or skipconnections (Rajasegaran et al 2019).…”