A pyridine-functionalized pyrazolinofullerene used as a buffer layer in polymer solar cells

Abstract

A pyridine-functionalized pyrazolinofullerene (1) was synthesized in 42% yield via an improved one-pot reaction of C60, 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, and water. The structure of 1 was unambiguously determined by X-ray diffraction of its single crystal. Due to the coordination capability of the functional groups on fullerene, compound 1 was used as a buffer layer to modify ZnO in inverted polymer solar cells. The power conversion efficiency was improved from 3.65% to 4.18% for inverted P3HT:PC61BM solar cells.

Cobalt and Iron Complexes with N-heterocyclic Ligands as Pyrolysis Precursors for Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

“…Although the DPTZ ligand holds a central six membered ring with four Nheteroatoms and two pyridyl substituents, catalysts derived from it, displayed poor ORR activities at 500 C, 700 C and 900 C (not shown). These results may be a consequence of the instability of the DPTZ ligand towards N=N bond cleavage and ring opening [52,53]. Five membered rings used as ligands in the precursor complexes afforded catalysts with poor ORR activity (Co(bis-MeIm), Co(ATZC), (and Co(N-Me-Im)), what can be recognized from the higher Tafel slope (130 -170 mV dec À1 , Table 2), lower number of exchanged electrons (n e-ca 3, Fig.…”

Kinetic studies of inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions (iEDDA) of norbornenes and 3,6-dipyridin-2-yl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine

“…Molecules bearing two or more tetrazine residues have been applied for crosslinking leading to single-chain polymer nanoparticles 12 or hydrogels 13,14 . Furthermore, tetrazines have been used to modify MOFs (metal-organic frameworks), 15 fullerenes (which then were used as modifier layers in solar cells), 16 carbon nanotubes 17,18 and macroporous polymer foams 19 . Due to their straightforward synthetic availability, norbornenes have been more abundantly used in materials science than trans -cyclooctenes (which are also known to readily isomerize into the unreactive cis -form).…”

New Organic Polymers for Solar Cells

“…In recent years, new combinations of semiconductor materials based on fullerene derivatives (n-type materials) and electron-conjugated polymers (p-type materials) are being actively developed all over the world. It is believed that the high efficiency of conversion of light in organic solar cells can be achieved only by using charge-selective buffer layers [40]. Usual materials for producing such layers are PEDOT: PSS and a number of inorganic oxides.…”