A PWM controlled simple and high performance battery balancing system

Nishijima, Ken‐ichi; Sakamoto, Hiroshi; Harada, K.

doi:10.1109/pesc.2000.878916

Cited by 117 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…where V String is the string voltage or the total cell voltages of V 1 -V 4 , V E is the input voltage of the voltage multiplier during D (2i) -conducting periods (see Fig. 4(a)).…”

Section: Overall Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to (28), the values of R eq−1 (= R eq−4 ) and R eq−2 (= R eq−3 ) were determined to be 462 and 270 mΩ, respectively, for the higher-frequency condition, while those for the lowerfrequency condition were 2.38 Ω and 462 mΩ. Capacitors with a capacitance of 10 mF were used for B 1 -B 4 .…”

Section: Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most straightforward solution involves using multiple individual bidirectional converters, such as buck-boost [4]- [11] and switched capacitor [12]- [21] converters, as shown in Figs. 1(a) and (b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3, followed by simulation analysis for the derived dc equivalent circuit in Sect. 4. Experimental results of equalization tests performed for eight SCs connected in series are shown in Sect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using a Series-Resonant Voltage Multiplier Operating in Frequency-Multiplied Discontinuous Conduction Mode for Series-Connected Supercapacitors

Uno

Kukita

2015

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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SUMMARYCell voltage equalizers are necessary to ensure years of operation and maximize the chargeable/dischargeable energy of seriesconnected supercapacitors (SCs). A two-switch voltage equalizer using a series-resonant voltage multiplier operating in frequency-multiplied discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is proposed for series-connected SCs in this paper. The frequency-multiplied mode virtually increases the operation frequency and hence mitigates the negative impact of the impedance mismatch of capacitors on equalization performance, allowing multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) to be used instead of bulky and costly tantalum capacitors, the conventional approach when using voltage multipliers in equalizers. Furthermore, the DCM operation inherently provides the constant current characteristic, realizing the excessive current protection that is desirable for SCs, which experience 0 V and equivalently become an equivalent short-circuit load. Experimental equalization tests were performed for eight SCs connected in series under two frequency conditions to verify the improved equalization performance at the increased virtual operation frequencies. The standard deviation of cell voltages under the higher-frequency condition was lower than that under the lower-frequency condition, demonstrating superior equalization performance at higher frequencies.

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“…where V String is the string voltage or the total cell voltages of V 1 -V 4 , V E is the input voltage of the voltage multiplier during D (2i) -conducting periods (see Fig. 4(a)).…”

Section: Overall Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using a Series-Resonant Voltage Multiplier Operating in Frequency-Multiplied Discontinuous Conduction Mode for Series-Connected Supercapacitors

Uno

Kukita

2015

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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“…2(a) depicts a schematic drawing of the individual cell equalizer (ICE) (Lee & Cheng, 2005). ICEs are typically based on individual bidirectional dc-dc converters such as switched capacitor converters (Pascual & Krein, 1997; and buck-boost converters (Nishijima et al, 2000), as shown in Figs. 2(b) and (c), respectively.…”

Section: Nondissipative Equalizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single- and Double-Switch Cell Voltage Equalizers for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Cells and Supercapacitors

Uno¹

2013

Energy Storage - Technologies and Applications

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Electric double‐layer capacitor module with series‐parallel reconfigurable cell voltage equalizers

Uno

Kukita

Tanaka

2012

Electrical Engineering Japan

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When electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are connected in series, a cell voltage imbalance occurs due to nonuniform cell properties. Cell voltage imbalance should be minimized to prolong cycle lives and maximize the available energy of cells. In this study, we propose a seriesparallel reconfigurable cell voltage equalizer that is considered suitable for energy storage systems using EDLCs instead of traditional secondary batteries as the main energy storage sources. The proposed equalizer requires only EDLCs and switches as its main circuit elements, and it utilizes EDLCs not only for energy storage but also for equalization. An equivalent circuit model using equivalent resistors that can be regarded as an index of equalization speed is developed. Current distribution and cell voltage imbalancing during operation are quantitatively generalized. Experimental charge-discharge tests were performed on the EDLC modules to demonstrate the performance of the cell voltage equalizer. All the cells in the modules could be charged/discharged uniformly even when a degradationmimicking cell was intentionally included in the module. The resultant cell voltage imbalances and current distributions were in good agreement with those predicted by mathematical analyses.

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A PWM controlled simple and high performance battery balancing system

Cited by 117 publications

References 1 publication

Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using a Series-Resonant Voltage Multiplier Operating in Frequency-Multiplied Discontinuous Conduction Mode for Series-Connected Supercapacitors

Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using a Series-Resonant Voltage Multiplier Operating in Frequency-Multiplied Discontinuous Conduction Mode for Series-Connected Supercapacitors

Single- and Double-Switch Cell Voltage Equalizers for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Cells and Supercapacitors

Electric double‐layer capacitor module with series‐parallel reconfigurable cell voltage equalizers

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