A Push–Pull Series Connected Modular Multilevel Converter for HVdc Applications

Kaya, Mustafa; Costabeber, Alessandro; Watson, Alan J.; Tardelli, Francesco; Clare, John

doi:10.1109/tpel.2021.3115338

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…A comprehensive study in the case of conventional MMC has been carried out in [ 16 ]. Although not mathematically included here, the effect of circulating ripple current is quite different in the proposed converter as discussed in [ 13 ]. Due to the arm voltages being equal opposites, the dominant twice-the-line-frequency ripple present in MMC cancels in this converter.…”

Section: Proposed Topology and Its Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be realized by utilizing the circulating AC term to drive the difference between both arm energies to zero. This is implemented by generating an AC voltage correction term that adds to both modulation signals (since the AC terms are natural opposites) [ 13 ] or by generating a DC correctional term that adds to one arm and subtracts from the other. This introduces a common-mode voltage term (as in Figure 2 d) that is very small compared to the converter voltage.…”

Section: Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A three-phase configuration of the converter with half-bridge SMs connected in parallel for MVL application was first introduced in [ 12 ]. Similarly, a series connected three-phase configuration was recently proposed in [ 13 ] for HVDC. In this paper, the proposed configuration employs a center-tapped transformer that links FB converters (capable of bidirectional power flow) in an arm structure to the AC grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the equal power sharing of the arms, higher power ratings can be achieved. Furthermore, in the case of a DC short circuit (SC) fault, unlike in [ 12 , 13 ], the FB modules makes it capable of adequate DC FRT (fault ride-through). Additionally, The power quality can further be improved by cascading multiple sub-modules, resulting in better (voltage and current) total-harmonic distortion (THD) and low EMI [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Center-Tapped Transformer Based Multifunctional Single-Phase Converter with Wide DC-Bus Control

Stephen

Lee

Jung

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Alongside the rapid increase in distributed power generation and load, the demand for highly efficient and reliable power converters is increasing. This has resulted in the rise of grid interfaced renewable energy sources (RES), rapid deployment of battery energy storage systems (BESS) coupled with energy managment systems (EMS), and DC based grid. This paper presents a center-tapped transformer-based single-stage single-phase full-bridge (FB) bidirectional AC-DC converter and its control strategy to improve controllability and reliability in applications such as DC distribution, PV/BESS grid interfacing, vehicle to grid (V2G), and so on. In contrast to conventional galvanically isolated topologies, a single-phase center-tapped transformer is introduced. It links and galvanically isolates the converters and the grid and provides its leakage inductance as the needed inductor required for current control (depending on the design). Furthermore, it reduces the number of conventionally required power conversion stages by employing a wide DC-bus voltage control strategy, resulting in a single converter that undergoes a single power conversion. Additionally, the voltage level can be increased to further enhance the output quality by cascading multiple converters (Multi-Level). The structure, operation, and basic control scheme are discussed in detail. Verification through a 220 Vrms, 1.8 kVA, and 45∼100 VDC simulation and small-scale experimental prototype (60∼100 VDC voltage) for practical validation of the topology is also presented.

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Section: Proposed Topology and Its Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Center-Tapped Transformer Based Multifunctional Single-Phase Converter with Wide DC-Bus Control

Stephen

Lee

Jung

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) represent a popular topology of voltage source converters in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems [1][2][3][4][5][6]. MMC-HVDC systems typically involve a large number of submodules (SMs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐hot redundant control method for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current systems under submodules fault

Yang

Jia

Zou

et al. 2023

IET Power Electronics

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A modular multilevel converter‐based high voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) system involves a large number of cascading submodules (SMs). The failure of SMs may critically degrade the system performance. Therefore, several redundant SMs can be incorporated and reasonably controlled to ensure the system reliable and continuous operation even if certain SMs fail. This paper proposes a semi‐hot redundant method for MMC‐HVDC systems. In the proposed strategy, when the system operates normally, the redundant SMs are controlled in a lower voltage range. These SMs do not require frequent charging and discharging, which decreases the switching loss. When ordinary SMs fail, the faulty SMs are bypassed and the corresponding number of redundant SMs can be promptly recharged to the rated voltage to replace the faulty SMs. The semi‐hot reserved SMs can shorten the transient process of faulty SMs replacement, and in this process, the absence of faulty SMs does not considerably influence the system. Thus, the original control and modulation strategies of the system do not need to be modified when several SMs fail. The performance of the proposed method is compared with those of the existing methods, and its validity is demonstrated through a small‐scale experimental prototype.

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A modified modular multilevel converter to reduce the second order ripples in the submodule capacitor voltage: Design and analysis

Ganji,

Singh

2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryThe modular‐multilevel converter (MMC) faces the problem of second order ripples in the sub‐module DC capacitor voltage during the low frequency operation at the load side. To sort out this problem, this paper demonstrates a three‐phase modified MMC that includes a novel circuit placed between upper and lower arms of each phase, where load is connected through proposed circuit. The aim of the proposed circuit is to reduce the magnitude of the ripples in each sub‐module's DC capacitor voltage; moreover, it also uses a less number of components compared with the conventional circuits. In order to keep the capacitor voltage at its rated value and to prevent the development of common mode voltage, the proposed circuit uses the high frequency‐based power transfer control channel for balancing power between the upper or top and lower or bottom arms. Furthermore, the mathematical analysis, operating principle, and proposed control is explained in detail for the conventional MMC and modified MMC. The simulation results have been obtained for the modified MMC with resistive load by using MATLAB and Simulink. An experimental test results have been verified with simulation results for the modified MMC topology.

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A Push–Pull Series Connected Modular Multilevel Converter for HVdc Applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

A Center-Tapped Transformer Based Multifunctional Single-Phase Converter with Wide DC-Bus Control

A Center-Tapped Transformer Based Multifunctional Single-Phase Converter with Wide DC-Bus Control

Semi‐hot redundant control method for modular multilevel converter‐based high‐voltage direct current systems under submodules fault

A modified modular multilevel converter to reduce the second order ripples in the submodule capacitor voltage: Design and analysis

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