A purine nucleoside analogue-acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-9h-guanine] reversibly impairs testicular functions in mouse

Narayana, K.

doi:10.2131/jts.33.61

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The unusual migration of secondary spermatocytes into the lumen was believed to be caused by the disorganization and disintegration of cells. 22,53 We hypothesize the degenerative changes in the testis may reasonably be caused by the indirect cytotoxic effects of DZN or its metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculation was expressed in millions/ml. 21 The sperm abnormality was assessed as percentage abnormality, counting the normal and all the different types of abnormal sperm based on the standard procedure described by Narayana et al 22 The total percentage of abnormal sperm, which comprised head, neck, and tail defects, was expressed as the percentage of abnormality compared with the normal sperm. Two hundred spermatozoa were counted and assessed into normal and abnormal.…”

Section: Sperm Count and Sperm Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two hundred spermatozoa were counted and assessed into normal and abnormal. 22 The total sperm abnormality was expressed as percentage incidence (%).…”

Section: Sperm Count and Sperm Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant status as one of the toxicity measures of diazinon in the testis

et al. 2013

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The rapid emergence of various pesticides in the market is inevitable due to the demands from agriculture industries and domestic needs to control nuisance pests and to sustain green resources worldwide. However, long-term exposure to pesticide has led to adverse effects on male fertility. Organophosphate diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothiote) is an often abusively used pesticide, as it is effective and economical. This study is to determine the adverse effects of low-dose diazinon exposure on the male reproductive system. In this study, 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were segregated into 1, 2, and 8 weeks of exposure groups and further sub-grouped (n = 6) to receive 0, 10, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight diazinon treatment. Rats were gavaged orally with diazinon and sacrificed under anaesthesia the day after the last exposure. Our results showed that consistent diazinon exposure decreased glutathione and catalase, and increased lipid peroxidation which together lead to diazinon-mediated oxidative stress. Additionally, diazinon increased serum lactate dehydrogenase and decreased serum testosterone, which may have caused sperm and histopathological anomalies. In conclusion, exposure to diazinon caused changes in lipid peroxidation and sperm, and these two effects might be causally linked.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sperm Count and Sperm Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant status as one of the toxicity measures of diazinon in the testis

et al. 2013

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“…48 Elevation in LDH activity in the cytosol also unequivocally suggests an extensive seminiferous epithelial membrane damage and impaired spermiogenesis. 49 Earlier evidences indicate a strong correlation between diabetes and mitochondrial dysfunctions/ activation of cell death pathways. 50 Unlike other organs, testicular energy requirement is dynamic, with considerable changes occurring in mitochondrial enzyme activities during development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the testis of prepubertal diabetic rats

Chandrashekar

Muralidhara

2009

Int J Impot Res

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Earlier, we have shown the occurrence of oxidative impairments and their progression in the testis of diabetic adult rats. This study investigated the vulnerability of immature testis to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in a prepubertal (PP) diabetic rat model. PP male rats (4/6-weekold) rendered diabetic by an acute dose of streptozotocin were monitored for induction of oxidative stress in testis cytosol/mitochondria. Diabetic rats of both age groups showed severe hyperglycemia, testicular atrophy and marked oxidative damage as evidenced by enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde levels (4 week46 week). Mitochondrial dysfunctions manifested as reduction in the activities of aldehyde dehydrogenase, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, enhanced activities of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, perturbations in calcium homeostasis and membrane potential. These evidences suggest that an immature testis is vulnerable to oxidative stress under diabetes, which may play a significant role in the development of testicular degeneration, leading to impaired fertility in adulthood.

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“…Further, acyclovir is reported to incorporate into the cellular DNA, yielding adverse drug reactions and thus, unsuitable for pregnant women [12] and neonates [13,14]. Moreover, the major determinants of effective immunity against HSV infection is not yet identified [15], and animal efficacy has not predicted success in humans [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-herpes virus activities of bioactive fraction and isolated pure constituent of Mallotus peltatus: an ethnomedicine from Andaman Islands

Bag¹,

Chattopadhyay²,

Mukherjee³

et al. 2012

Virol J

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BackgroundViral infections, particularly the infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), represent one of the most serious public health concerns globally because of their devastating impact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral potential of methanolic crude extract of an ethnomedicine Mallotus peltatus, its active fraction and pure compound, against HSV-1 F and HSV-2 G.ResultThe cytotoxicity (CC50, the concentration of 50% cellular toxicity), antiviral effective concentration (EC50, the concentration required to achieve 50% protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect), plaque reduction and the selectivity index (SI, the ratio of CC50 and EC50) was determined. Results showed that the crude methanolic extract of M. peltatus possessed weak anti-HSV activity. In contrast, the active fraction A and isolated ursolic acid from fraction A exhibited potent antiherpesvirus activity against both HSV-1 (EC50 = 7.8 and 5.5 μg/ml; SI = 22.3 and 20) and HSV-2 (EC50 = 8.2 and 5.8 μg/ml, and SI = 21.2 and 18.97). The fraction A and isolated ursolic acid (10 μg/ml) inhibited plaque formation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 at more than 80% levels, with a dose dependent antiviral activity, compared to acyclovir. The time response study revealed that the anti-HSV activity of fraction A and isolated ursolic acid is highest at 2–5 h post-infection. Moreover, the time kinetics study by indirect immunofluorescence assay showed a characteristic pattern of small foci of single fluorescent cells in fraction A- treated virus infected cells at 2 h and 4 h post-infection, suggesting drug inhibited viral dissemination. Further, the PCR study with infected cell cultures treated with fraction A and isolated ursolic acid at various time intervals, failed to show amplification at 48–72 h, like acyclovir treated HSV-infected cells. Moreover, fraction A or isolated ursolic acid showed no interaction in combination with acyclovir.ConclusionThis study revealed that bioactive fraction A and isolated ursolic acid of M. peltatus has good anti-HSV activity, probably by inhibiting the early stage of multiplication (post-infection of 0–5 h), with SI value of 20, suggesting its potential use as anti-HSV agents.

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A purine nucleoside analogue-acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-9h-guanine] reversibly impairs testicular functions in mouse

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant status as one of the toxicity measures of diazinon in the testis

Lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant status as one of the toxicity measures of diazinon in the testis

Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the testis of prepubertal diabetic rats

Anti-herpes virus activities of bioactive fraction and isolated pure constituent of Mallotus peltatus: an ethnomedicine from Andaman Islands

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