A purge-and-trap capillary column gas chromatographic method for the measurement of halocarbons in water and air

Happell, James D.; Wallace, D. W. R.; Wills, K.D.; Wilke, Richard; Neill, Craig

doi:10.2172/366493

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The purpose of the Ne measurement is to correct for a possible air component and/or nontritiogenic He in the samples. CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 concentrations were measured by purge-and-trap gas chromatography followed by electron capture detection (Bullister and Weiss, 1983;Happell et al, 1996). All CFC concentrations are reported on the SIO 1998 absolute calibration scale (Prinn et al, 2000).…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent CFC and 3H/3He age differences in water from Floridan Aquifer springs

Happell

Opsahl

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et al. 2006

Journal of Hydrology

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Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent CFC and 3H/3He age differences in water from Floridan Aquifer springs

Happell

Opsahl

Top

et al. 2006

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Soil temperatures were measured with a thermocouple. The halogenated gas samples were measured within 24 hours of collection on a custom‐built purge‐and‐trap capillary column gas chromatograph with electron capture detection [ Happell et al , 1996]. Methane was measured on a packed column gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection.…”

Section: Sampling Locations and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils: A global sink of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride

Happell

Roche

2003

Geophysical Research Letters

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Analysis of soil gas from the world's major biomes indicates that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) uptake by soils is a ubiquitous process. The global flux of CCl4 from the atmosphere to soils was estimated to be 27 ± 21 kilotons per year (Kt yr−1), corresponding to a partial atmospheric lifetime of 90 years (yr). The total lifetime of CCl4 in the atmosphere, taking into account the stratospheric, oceanic and soil sinks is estimated to be 20 yr. The recently identified oceanic and soil sinks of atmospheric CCl4 suggest that current emission estimates of CCl4 may be underestimated by ∼60%.

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“…All samples (water and gas) were analyzed for halocarbons within several hours of collection on a purge-and-trap capillary column gas chromatograph with electron capture detection (44). The limits of detection for the five halocarbons measured in this study ranged between 0.005 and 0.010 pmol kg -1 .…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Removal of Atmospheric CCl₄under Bulk Aerobic Conditions in Groundwater and Soils

Happell

Wallace

1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Measured concentrations of relatively nonreactive, anthropogenic halocarbon tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) were used to infer the time since recharge, or age, of groundwater collected from the Upper Glacial and Magothy Aquifers underlying Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, NY. On the basis of the reconstructed historical atmospheric concentrations of CCl4, the initial CCl4 concentration for the precipitation that recharged the aquifer was estimated as a function of age. Correlation of measured and estimated initial CCl4 concentrations within the aquifer, over inferred ages of 0−50 yr, suggested that CCl4 was being removed in situ with a half-life of 14 ± 4 yr. Groundwater samples collected at the water table had CCl4 concentrations that were ≤50% of equilibrium with contemporary atmospheric concentrations, suggesting that removal was also significant in the unsaturated zone. Soil gas profiles confirmed that atmospheric CCl4 was being removed from the unsaturated zone, with only ∼25% of the initial CCl4 being present in the gas phase at a depth of 30 cm, and with no evidence for removal of CFC-11, CFC-12, or CFC-113. A time−series of soil gas profiles col lected before and after a major rainfall event indicated that most removal occurred in the top 15 cm of soil. The flux of CCl4 into the soil was estimated to be ∼8600 ± 5100 pmol m-2 d-1, and removal of CCl4 in soils therefore has the potential to significantly affect the global atmospheric lifetime of this compound. The observed degradation in bulk aerobic environments raises questions concerning the conventional wisdom that CCl4 is degraded significantly only within reducing environ ments.

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A purge-and-trap capillary column gas chromatographic method for the measurement of halocarbons in water and air

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Apparent CFC and 3H/3He age differences in water from Floridan Aquifer springs

Apparent CFC and 3H/3He age differences in water from Floridan Aquifer springs

Soils: A global sink of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride

Removal of Atmospheric CCl₄under Bulk Aerobic Conditions in Groundwater and Soils

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A purge-and-trap capillary column gas chromatographic method for the measurement of halocarbons in water and air

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Apparent CFC and 3H/3He age differences in water from Floridan Aquifer springs

Apparent CFC and 3H/3He age differences in water from Floridan Aquifer springs

Soils: A global sink of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride

Removal of Atmospheric CCl4under Bulk Aerobic Conditions in Groundwater and Soils

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Removal of Atmospheric CCl₄under Bulk Aerobic Conditions in Groundwater and Soils