A pure nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma in a 10‐year‐old girl: Case report and literature review

Kong, Bao; Yongjie, Tian; Zhu, Weiwei; Qin, Yejun

doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00973.x

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Large NGCOs often occur unilaterally, and exhibit extensive hemorrhage and necrosis (21). The disease is similar to gestational choriocarcinoma (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In conclusion, NGCO is a rare malignant germ cell tumor of which <100 cases have been reported worldwide (21,36,38); therefore, limited clinical data is available. At present, no optimum treatment has been identified, and although the prognosis is worse than that of gestational choriocarcinoma, early detection, diagnosis and treatment are important factors for patient prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathological analysis of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinicopathological features of two cases of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGCO). The histopathological, immunohistochemical and clinical features of two cases of NGCO in the left ovaries of two 13 year-old female patients were investigated and the relevant literature was reviewed. In both cases, the tumor masses exhibited cribriform, papillary and nested cellular growth patterns, and hemorrhage and necrosis were evident. In case one, the patient also exhibited a sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) in the right ovary. To the best of our knowledge, the synchronous occurrence of these two tumor types has not been reported previously. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells of choriocarcinoma in both cases were positive for human chorionic gonadotropin and cytokeratin, while those of SCTAT were positive for CD56 and CD99. NGCO is an extremely rare germ cell tumor of high-grade malignancy, and STCAT is even rarer. Early metastasis of NGCO is common and the disease has a poor prognosis. In the present study, one patient succumbed within 4 months of diagnosis with NGCO and the other patient was lost to follow-up after 12 months.

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“…Large NGCOs often occur unilaterally, and exhibit extensive hemorrhage and necrosis (21). The disease is similar to gestational choriocarcinoma (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological analysis of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature

et al. 2016

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“…Of the five cases which reported surgical therapy, two had a unilateral oophorectomy performed [15], one had a unilateral salpingo-oopherectomy performed [17], one had a unilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and partial omentectomy performed [16], and one had a bilateral salpingooopherectomy, hysterectomy, omentectomy, and thoracoscopy and wedge resection for pleural lesions [19].…”

Section: Surgery Performedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, nine occurred in premenarchal females [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], 11 occurred in postmenarchal females but were confirmed by DNA analysis [18,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and eight were considered possible cases of pure NGOC according to the strict criteria described above in the methods section [18,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] ( Tables 1-3).…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pure nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma: A scoping review

Garrett¹,

Knehans²,

Phaëton³

et al. 2017

Integr Cancer Sci Therap.

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In 1982, Jacobs et al. published a comprehensive literature review on pure ovarian choriocarcinoma [6]. The study classified all published cases of pure ovarian choriocarcinoma at the time into three categories: gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma, pure nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma, and choriocarcinoma of uncertain etiology. The pure nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma category was assigned to all pure ovarian choriocarcinoma cases occurring in prepubertal females, and the uncertain etiology was assigned to all pure ovarian choriocarcinoma cases in postpubertal women who were said to be sexually abstinent or virginal. Since the publication of this review, several other literature reviews on this topic have been published; however, limitations exist, including lack of definitive categorization strategies. As a result, little is known about the incidence, clinical course, most effective treatment regimen, as well as outcomes for pure ovarian nongestational choriocarcinoma. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide a strict definition of pure ovarian choriocarcinoma that allows appropriate classification of nongestational and gestational origin in order to better understand this disease process. MethodsThe search strategy was developed in collaboration with a librarian at Penn State Hershey College of Medicine. We searched PubMed for articles published in English using the following AbstractChoriocarcinoma of the ovary is a rare and highly malignant germ cell tumor. There are three ways in which an ovarian choriocarcinoma can arise: as a primary gestational choriocarcinoma that results from an ectopic ovarian pregnancy, as a metastatic choriocarcinoma that arises from a gestational choriocarcinoma, and as a germ cell tumor with differentiation into trophoblastic structures. Ovarian choriocarcinomas are therefore classified as gestational or nongestational. Recently, DNA polymorphism analysis has allowed investigators to determine the etiology of choriocarcinoma (gestational versus nongestational). Herein, in this scoping review, we detail the classification of, and clinical aspects of, pure ovarian choriocarcinoma.

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Nonepithelial Ovarian Malignancies

Berek

Friedlander

Bast

2017

Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine

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Overview Compared with epithelial ovarian cancers, nonepithelial ovarian tumors are uncommon, constituting <10% of all ovarian malignancies. They include germ cell malignancies, sex‐cord–stromal tumors, carcinomas metastatic to the ovary, and a variety of extremely rare ovarian cancers, including sarcomas and lipoid cell tumors. Although there are many similarities in the presentation, evaluation, and management of patients, these tumors also have unique features that require special approaches to management. Germ cell malignancies are derived from primordial germ cells of the ovary and can be distinguished by histotype and expression of the biomarkers alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and/or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). They include dysgerminomas (AFP−hCG−), embryonal carcinomas (AFP+hCG+), immature teratomas (AFP−hCG−), endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumors (AFP+hCG−), and ovarian choriocarcinomas (AFP−hCG+). Germ cell tumors occur in premenarchal girls and young women, grow rapidly, and can present with a symptomatic pelvic mass. As preservation of fertility is often an important priority, unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy can often be performed followed by adjuvant platinum‐based therapy. Among the germ cell tumors, dysgerminomas can be bilateral in 10–15% of cases and are associated with gonadal dysgenesis in 5% of cases. Metastatic germ cell cancers can be quite sensitive to chemotherapy and the long‐term survival rate is high, even in advanced stages. At some institutions, young patients with stage IA germ cell tumors are followed carefully after resection and chemotherapy given only if there is recurrence with excellent outcomes. Sex‐Cord‐Stromal tumors include Granulosa‐Stromal tumors, Juvenile Granulosa tumors, and Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors. Granulosa‐Stromal tumors can occur at all ages and produce estrogen resulting in pseudoprecocious puberty in a small fraction of girls, amenorrhea in pre‐menopausal women, and endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal adults. Granulosa‐Stromal tumors are indolent and often confined to one ovary where surgery can cure stage I disease in more than 75% of cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy is generally not given after complete resection. Late recurrence has, however, been observed. Persistent or recurrent disease has responded to platinum based and hormonal therapy, including progestational agents, luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonists, and aromatase inhibitors. Inhibin B has been a useful biomarker. Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors generally present in the third or fourth decade, produce androgens, and induce virilization in more than 70% of patients. As many Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors are in early stage and rarely bilateral, unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy is often performed with 70–90% 5‐year survival.

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A pure nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma in a 10‐year‐old girl: Case report and literature review

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Clinicopathological analysis of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature

Clinicopathological analysis of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature

Pure nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma: A scoping review

Nonepithelial Ovarian Malignancies

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