A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction.

Wise, Roy A.; Bozarth, Michael A.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.4.469

Cited by 2,589 publications

(1,517 citation statements)

References 272 publications

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“…So, another hypothesis comes from considering the actions of progesterone on DA neurotransmission. Although DA systems are hypothesized to be uninvolved in mediating the positive subjective effects (euphoria) of cocaine (Gawin and Kleber, 1986;Brauer and De Wit, 1997;Berridge and Robinson, 1998), they are thought to be important in mediating the reinforcing and incentive motivational effects of cocaine (Yokel and Wise, 1975;Wise and Rompre, 1989;Robinson andBerridge, 1993, 2000;White and Kalivas, 1998;Berridge and Robinson, 1998;Wise and Bozarth, 1987). Importantly, progesterone antagonizes estradiol's enhancement of DA.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Progesterone Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repeated exposure to cocaine results in sensitization of psychomotor and incentive motivational effects, which are attributed in part to changes in DA neurotransmission (Robinson and Berridge, 1993;White and Kalivas, 1998;Wise and Bozarth, 1987). Indeed, a progressive sensitization of neural systems that mediate incentive motivational effects of cocaine, produced by daily drug exposure, may contribute to the acquisition of self-administration behavior.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Progesterone Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences and Hormonal Influences on Acquisition of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats

Jackson

Robinson

Becker

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

282

272

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Men and women differ in their response to cocaine, and a woman's response varies with the menstrual cycle. For example, women have greater subjective responses to cocaine in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle when estradiol is predominant, than they do during the luteal phase when both estradiol and progesterone are elevated. Similarly, female rats show significantly more cocaine-induced locomotor behavior and cocaine self-administration during behavioral estrus, shortly after estradiol peaks, than during other stages of the cycle, and estradiol administration to ovariectomized (OVX) females enhances the acquisition of cocaine self-administration. The purpose of this study was to expand upon these findings by studying the effects of progesterone administration to females, and estradiol administration to males, on acquisition of cocaine self-administration. We report here that there are both sex differences in and effects of circulating ovarian hormones on acquisition of cocaine self-administration. We demonstrate that although estradiol administration enhances acquisition of cocaine self-administration in OVX female rats, concurrent administration of progesterone with estradiol inhibits this effect of estradiol. In a separate experiment, we demonstrate that estradiol administration does not enhance acquisition of cocaine self-administration in castrated male rats. We conclude that (1) there is a sex difference in the effects of estradiol on cocaine selfadministration: it facilitates acquisition in female, but not male rats; and that (2) in females concurrent progesterone treatment counteracts the facilitory effect of estradiol on cocaine self-administration.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Progesterone Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Progesterone Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences and Hormonal Influences on Acquisition of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats

Jackson

Robinson

Becker

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

282

272

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“…Behavioral Sensitization Following Repeated COC Administration According to the behavioral sensitization paradigm (Wise and Bozarth, 1987), the enhanced locomotor response induced by the repeated administration of an addictive drug reflects neuronal adaptation in brain circuit mediating its rewarding effects. In the present study, a clear behavioral sensitization was not shown in WT animals and was only apparent in TG from days 1 to 3, after which the increase in locomotor response stayed relatively stable.…”

Section: Coc-induced Ngfi-b Expression In Tg Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cocaine on c-Fos and NGFI-B mRNA Expression in Transgenic Mice Underexpressing Glucocorticoid Receptors

St-Hilaire

Tremblay

Lévesque

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Numerous evidences suggest that stress and stress-related hormones can modulate the activity of the brain reward pathway and thus may account for individual vulnerability towards the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Transgenic (TG) mice expressing an antisense mRNA against the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which partially blocks GR expression, were used to assess the role of GR dysfunction on cocaine (COC)-induced c-fos and Nerve-Growth Factor Inducible-B (NGFI-B, or Nur77) gene expression. These two genes belong to different families of transcription factors and have been shown to be modulated by various dopaminergic drugs. TG and wild-type (WT) mice were both acutely and repeatedly treated with COC (20 mg/kg, i.p.). In the chronic experiment, mice received a 5-day treatment of COC and were challenged 5 days later with COC or vehicle. Locomotor activity was assessed during the entire chronic experiment in the mouse home cages. Animals were sacrificed 1 h after the last injection and NGFI-B and c-fos mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens and the striatum were measured by in situ hybridization. Acute COC administration led to significantly smaller c-fos increases in TG mice compared to WT, whereas repeated COC treatment potentiated c-fos induction both in TG and WT mice to equivalent levels. TG mice displayed higher basal NGFI-B expression in the nucleus accumbens and the level of NGFI-B mRNA was differently modulated by COC in TG mice compared to WT mice. In accordance with data on c-fos expression, behavioral data indicate a blunted locomotor effect on the first COC injection in TG mice, a phenomenon corrected by the repeated COC treatment. These results suggest that an alteration of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis can modify COC-induced regulation of the transcription factors c-fos and NGFI-B, and that these changes parallel those seen at the behavioral level. It also demonstrates that the differences at the behavioral and molecular levels noted between TG and WT mice after acute COC injection disappear following repeated COC administration, suggesting that repeated COC has a greater impact in TG mice underexpressing GRs.

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“…Although AMPH has high affinities for the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters, the dopamine transporter (DAT) is associated with the stimulating and rewarding properties of AMPH (Koob and Nestler, 1997;Wise and Bozarth, 1987). As both a substrate and an inhibitor of DAT, AMPH binds to DAT, stimulating dopamine efflux and inhibiting dopamine uptake, respectively, leading to an increased level of extracellular dopamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As both a substrate and an inhibitor of DAT, AMPH binds to DAT, stimulating dopamine efflux and inhibiting dopamine uptake, respectively, leading to an increased level of extracellular dopamine. The increased extracellular dopamine level contributes to AMPH-stimulated locomotor behavior (Koob and Nestler, 1997;Wise and Bozarth, 1987). However, the molecular determinants of AMPH-induced dopamine efflux through DAT have not been determined despite continued progress (for reviews see Gnegy, 2003;Sulzer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C57BL/6J mice show greater amphetamine-induced locomotor activation and dopamine efflux in the striatum than 129S2/SvHsd mice

Chen

Zhang

Park

et al. 2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Inbred strains of mice have served as valuable models for studying genetic susceptibility to drug addiction, an alternative to genetically modified mouse models. This is the first study comparing amphetamine (AMPH) effects on locomotor stimulation and dopamine efflux between two inbred strains of mice C57BL/6J and 129S2/SvHsd, frequently used as background strains for production of genetically engineered mice. There were no significant differences in basal locomotor activity and basal dopamine levels between the two strains. However, C57BL/6J mice showed greater AMPHstimulated locomotor activity and AMPH-induced striatal dopamine efflux than 129S2/SvHsd mice. The differential AMPH effects could not be explained by differences in presynaptic dopamine components such as surface and total dopamine transporter (DAT) expression levels, striatal dopamine contents, and DAT activity. C57BL/6J and 129S2/SvHsd mice are excellent models for future identification of genetic, molecular, and behavioral components related to individual vulnerability to AMPH addiction. This study emphasizes the importance of mouse strain selections in the production of genetically modified mice for investigating phenotypes and mechanisms of psychostimulants.

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A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction.

Cited by 2,589 publications

References 272 publications

Sex Differences and Hormonal Influences on Acquisition of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats

Sex Differences and Hormonal Influences on Acquisition of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats

Effects of Cocaine on c-Fos and NGFI-B mRNA Expression in Transgenic Mice Underexpressing Glucocorticoid Receptors

C57BL/6J mice show greater amphetamine-induced locomotor activation and dopamine efflux in the striatum than 129S2/SvHsd mice

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