A psychometric evaluation of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire–Adult in smokers with psychiatric conditions

Buckley, Todd C.; Kamholz, Barbara W.; Mozley, Susannah L.; Gulliver, Suzy B.; Holohan, Dana R.; Helstrom, Amy; Walsh, Kate; Morissette, Sandra B.; Kassel, Jon D.

doi:10.1080/14622200500259788

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The SCQ (Brandon & Baker, 1991) is a 50-item self-report measure that assesses smoking expectancies on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 0 ("completely unlikely") to 9 ("completely likely"). The measure and its constituent factors have excellent psychometric properties (Buckley et al, 2005;Brandon & Baker, 1991;Downey & Kilbey, 1995). The SCQ includes the following subscales: Positive Reinforcement (e.g., "I enjoy the taste sensations while smoking"), Negative Reinforcement (e.g., "Smoking helps me calm down when I feel nervous"), Negative Consequences (e.g., "The more I smoke, the more I risk my health"), and Appetite Control (e.g., "Smoking helps me control my weight").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

Marshall¹,

Zvolensky²,

Vujanovic³

et al. 2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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The present investigation compared 123 community-recruited daily smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD), nonclinical panic attacks (PA), or no current Axis I psychopathology (controls; C) in terms of nicotine dependence, smoking rate, quit history, severity of symptoms during past quit attempts, and motivation for and expectancies about smoking. No differences were observed between groups in regard to smoking rate or nicotine dependence. The PTSD group reported making more lifetime quit attempts than the other groups, and the PTSD and PD groups perceived more severe symptoms during past quit attempts. The PD and PTSD groups reported greater motivation to smoke to reduce negative affect. Individuals with PTSD endorsed a stronger expectation that smoking would alleviate negative mood states and would produce negative consequences. Overall, results suggest that smokers with PD or PTSD differ from other smoking groups in a number of clinically significant ways. Keywords Smoking; Panic; PTSD; Anxiety Disorders; Smoking Motives and ExpectanciesCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Michael J. Zvolensky, Ph.D. at The University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington,. Electronic mail may be sent to Michael.Zvolensky@uvm.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. There is an increasing empirical recognition that tobacco use and dependence are elevated among those with psychopathology compared to those without psychiatric conditions (Kalman, Morissette, & George, 2005). For example, persons with, relative to those without, psychiatric disorders are approximately twice as likely to be current smokers (Lasser et al., 2000). Moreover, it is estimated that although smokers with psychiatric disorders represent approximately 20% of persons in the United States (U.S.), they consume over 40% of the cigarettes in the nation (Lasser et al., 2000). Such high rates of smoking among those with psychiatric disorders may play a clinically significant role in the high rates of diagnostic comorbidity and mortality observed in people with psychiatric disorders (Kalman et al., 2005). NIH Public AccessRecent studies have found important linkages between smoking and certain anxiety disorders (Feldner, Babson, & Zvolensky, 2007a;Morissette, Tull, Gulliver, Kamholz, & Zimering, 2007;Patton, Carlin, Coffey, Wolfe, Hibbert, & Bowes, 1998; Zvolensky, Feldner, LeenFeldner, & McLeish, 2005 (Beckham et al., 1995;Breslau et al., 2003;Buckley et al., 2004;Feldner et al., 2007a). Recent contr...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

Marshall¹,

Zvolensky²,

Vujanovic³

et al. 2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…The measure and its constituent factors have excellent psychometric properties (Brandon & Baker, 1991;Buckley et al, 2005). We analyzed the following SCQ subscales: positive reinforcement (e.g., "I enjoy the taste sensations while smoking"), negative reinforcement/negative affect reduction ("Smoking helps me calm down when I feel nervous"), and appetite control ("Smoking helps me control my weight").…”

Section: Smoking Consequences Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-Related Correlates of Depressive Symptom Dimensions in Treatment-Seeking Smokers

Leventhal

Zvolensky

Schmidt

2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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variance across depressive symptom subdimensions. Dysphoria symptoms, which contain core DSM-IV depression criteria, may be central to depression-smoking comorbidity, whereas other symptoms may play a less prominent role. IntroductionThe relation between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking is of considerable scientific and clinical importance, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not entirely clear. Most studies in the smoking literature typically consider depression as a unidimensional construct that can be assessed by calculating the combined overall severity across all depressive symptoms. However, depressive symptoms are phenomenologically heterogeneous and include sadness, anhedonia (i.e., diminished interest or pleasure), concentration problems, anergia, worthlessness, changes in weight and sleep, suicidality, and psychomotor disturbances as well as other peripheral features (e.g., anger, diminished subjective well-being; Watson et al., 2007). Accordingly, depression may be more aptly characterized as a multidimensional construct involving a collection of several discrete subdimensions. Given that depressive symptom subdimensions are psychometrically distinct and may have unique etiological correlates (Milak et al., 2005;Watson et al., 2007), understanding the unique relation of each depressive subdimension to smoking could shed light on the mechanisms underlying depression-smoking comorbidity.One approach to parsing depressive symptomatology involves computing symptom subscales within existing measures of depression, such as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D;Radloff, 1977) or Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II). Studies using that approach in samples of psychiatric patients have found that neither overall symptom severity scores nor cognitive or somatic symptom subdimensions on the BDI-II were associated with stage of change in the smoking cessation process Further validation of the IDAS: Evidence of convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity. Psychological Assessment, 20, 248-259. doi:10.1037/a0012570) produce 8 distinguishable depressive symptom dimensions: dysphoria (anhedonia, sadness, psychomotor disturbance, worthlessness, worry, and cognitive difficulty), lassitude (anergia and hypersomnia), suicidality (self-harm thoughts/behaviors), ill temper (anger), well-being (positive thinking), appetite loss, appetite gain, and insomnia. The present study examined common and unique relations of IDAS depression subdimensions to (a) smoking rate (cigarettes perday), (b) tobacco dependence, and (c) smoking motivation.Methods: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional associations in baseline data collected from 338 daily smokers enrolled in a larger cessation study. Results:In individual models examining each symptom dimension in isolation, each symptom dimension was significantly with associated smoking rate, tobacco dependence, and/or various aspects of smoking motivation (e.g., subjective addiction, habit, appetite control, affect...

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“…The SCQ (Brandon & Baker, 1991) is a 50-item measure that assesses various smoking expectancies on a 0-9 scale for likelihood of occurrence, ranging from 05''completely unlikely'' to 95''completely likely.'' The entire measure and its constituent factors have good psychometric properties (Brandon & Baker, 1991;Buckley et al, 2005;Downey & Kilbey, 1995). We used the positive reinforcement/sensory satisfaction (e.g., ''I enjoy the taste sensations while smoking''), negative reinforcement/negative affect reduction (e.g., ''Smoking helps me calm down when I feel nervous''), negative consequences (e.g., ''The more I smoke, the more I risk my health''), and appetite-weight control (e.g., ''Smoking helps me control my weight'') subscales of the SCQ to tap theoretically relevant outcome expectancies.…”

Section: Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (Panas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety sensitivity and perceived control over anxiety-related events: Associations with smoking outcome expectancies and perceived cessation barriers among daily smokers

Gregor

Zvolensky

McLeish

et al. 2008

CNTR

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The present investigation examined the extent to which the cognitive factors of anxiety sensitivity (AS) and perceived control over anxiety-related events are independently related to smoking outcome expectancies and perceived barriers to quitting. Participants were 125 community-recruited adult, daily smokers. Consistent with hypotheses, AS and perceived control over anxiety-related events independently and significantly predicted smokers' expectancies for negative affect reduction from smoking, whereas only AS predicted expectancies for negative personal consequences from smoking. Also as hypothesized, AS and perceived control over anxiety-related events each independently and significantly predicted level of general perceived barriers to quitting smoking. All of the observed significant effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by gender, alcohol consumption, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and negative affectivity. Together, these findings further the literature on the relation between anxiety-relevant cognitive factors and psychological smoking processes.

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A psychometric evaluation of the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire–Adult in smokers with psychiatric conditions

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

Evaluation of smoking characteristics among community-recruited daily smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology

Smoking-Related Correlates of Depressive Symptom Dimensions in Treatment-Seeking Smokers

Anxiety sensitivity and perceived control over anxiety-related events: Associations with smoking outcome expectancies and perceived cessation barriers among daily smokers

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