A proton exchange membrane fuel cell impedance model taking into account convection along the air channel: On the bias between the low frequency limit of the impedance and the slope of the polarization curve

Maranzana, Gaël; Mainka, Julia; Lottin, Olivier; Dillet, Jérôme; Lamibrac, Adrien; Thomas, A.; Didierjean, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.07.065

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A property from EIS measurements is that as the frequency reaches a value of zero the operating conditions of the fuel cell must converge to steady state conditions [23]. This means that a resistive value (no frequency dependence) for the impedance response is expected as the frequency reaches zero.…”

Section: O H Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

An impedance model for analysis of EIS of polymer electrolyte fuel cells under hydrogen peroxide formation in the cathode

Cruz-Manzo

Chen

Greenwood

2015

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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In this study, an impedance model based on electrochemical theory considering hydrogen peroxide formation during a two-step oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) has been developed. To validate the theoretical treatment, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out in an open-cathode 16 cm 2 H 2 /air PEFC stack. The results show that inductive loops at low frequencies of the impedance spectra are attributed to mechanisms related to hydrogen peroxide formation during ORR. The results also demonstrate that the mechanisms during consumption of hydrogen peroxide to form water (second-step in ORR) can be the dominating process for losses in the PEFC compared to the mechanisms during oxygen consumption to form hydrogen peroxide (first-step in ORR). Oxygen transport limitations can be a result of hydrogen peroxide adsorbed onto the surface of the electrode which reduces the number of active sites in the cathode catalyst layer for oxygen to react. This study could support results from other experimental techniques to identify hydrogen peroxide formation during the ORR that limit the performance of PEFCs.

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Section: O H Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

An impedance model for analysis of EIS of polymer electrolyte fuel cells under hydrogen peroxide formation in the cathode

Cruz-Manzo

Chen

Greenwood

2015

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…(7) and no AC oxygen flux through the membrane Eq. (8). The fourth boundary condition is related to the GDL-channel problem Eq.…”

Section: Ac Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the interpretation of the impedance spectra is quite consolidated in the case of simple electrochemical systems, in complex ones, when several electrochemical reactions and mass transfer processes overlaps, the spectra show several features that require advanced physical modeling analysis to be figured out. For this reason, several phenomenological impedance models [3] have been proposed in the literature for polymer fuel cells [4][5][6][7], for segmented polymer fuel cells [8,9], solid oxide fuel cells [10], direct methanol fuel cells [11,12], phosphoric acid fuel cells [13], and high temperature proton exchange fuel cells [14,15]. As an alternative to phenomenological models, equivalent circuits are widely employed in the literature [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quasi 2D Model of a High Temperature Polymer Fuel Cell for the Interpretation of Impedance Spectra

2014

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a widely recognized tool for in situ diagnostics of polymer fuel cells. The main drawback of this measurement is that it includes several features, which are not directly related to physical phenomena and the interpretation is often difficult. In this work, a physical quasi 2D model is applied to experimental data of a high temperature proton exchange fuel cell based on polybenzimidazole doped with phosphoric acid. The quasi 2D approach is applied in order to decrease the computational cost of the model, without decreasing the prediction capability. The model is able to simulate polarization curves and impedance spectra and it is fitted on six polarization data and impedance spectra recorded in different conditions. The model is able to capture the main features of a typical spectrum of a polybenzimidazole based high temperature polymer fuel cell. A sensitivity analysis is also performed on the model parameters to show the effect of each physical parameter.

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“…16 The remaining inconsistency is explained by a low-frequency inductive loop, the beginning of which can be observed in EIS experiments extended below 0.1 Hz.…”

Section: F520mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Some mismatch can occur if polarization curves are done at constant gas stoichiometry, while EIS is done at constant flow rate. 16 The remaining inconsistency is explained by a low-frequency inductive loop, the beginning of which can be observed in EIS experiments extended below 0.1 Hz. 15 Several explanations for this low-frequency inductive loop have been given, including water buildup in the membrane, [17][18][19][20][21] buildup of ORR intermediates, [22][23][24] and platinum oxide formation from water.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Physics-Based Impedance Model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Exhibiting Low-Frequency Inductive Loops

Setzler

Fuller

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A physics-based impedance model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is developed, incorporating a coupled oxide growthoxygen reduction reaction kinetic model. The oxide layer is shown to produce a low frequency inductive loop that agrees quantitatively with the experimental inductive loop at current densities as high as 800 mA/cm 2 , even when kinetic and mass-transfer parameters are fit from polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry instead of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The importance of the inductive loop in explaining both AC and DC results is discussed. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0361506jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted October 31, 2014; revised manuscript received February 16, 2015. Published March 3, 2015 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used technique in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that separates differential contributions to cell overpotential by characteristic time constants. Analysis of EIS is difficult because there may be dozens of processes involved. It is standard to analyze EIS using equivalent electrical circuit models of the PEMFC, in which several key processes are represented by circuit elements such as the resistor, capacitor, Warburg element, and constant phase element. Fitting the experimental EIS data with an equivalent circuit model and obtaining circuit parameters is straightforward. Often, a close fit can be achieved with relatively few components, especially when constant phase elements are used. However, the challenge becomes determining which processes to include and converting the electrical circuit parameters back to meaningful cell parameters.Although the basic building blocks of equivalent circuits, for example the Randles circuit, have an exact physical interpretation, these elements are often applied to more complex processes without accounting for the differences. The circuits may fit the data perfectly, but the parameters have lost their original meaning. Often, some transport processes are faster than double layer charging, and as a result, are inseparable from charge-transfer resistance. Additionally, slow transport processes often contribute impedance that scales with chargetransfer resistance, rather than being independent. Unfortunately, it is common in the literature to see circuit parameters reported as results without a translation to meaningful physical parameters.An alternative approach is to model the physical processes occurring in an electrochemical cell during EIS experiments. This approach was pioneered by De Levie, 1 who calculated an analytical solution for the impedance of a porous electrode with a potential gradient, assuming linear kinetics and no concentration gradient. Keddam et al. 2 cons...

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A proton exchange membrane fuel cell impedance model taking into account convection along the air channel: On the bias between the low frequency limit of the impedance and the slope of the polarization curve

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

An impedance model for analysis of EIS of polymer electrolyte fuel cells under hydrogen peroxide formation in the cathode

An impedance model for analysis of EIS of polymer electrolyte fuel cells under hydrogen peroxide formation in the cathode

A Quasi 2D Model of a High Temperature Polymer Fuel Cell for the Interpretation of Impedance Spectra

A Physics-Based Impedance Model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Exhibiting Low-Frequency Inductive Loops

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