A Proteomic Approach To Porcine Saliva

Abstract

This paper reviews recent progress in salivary animal proteomics, with special reference to the porcine proteome. Until fairly recently, most studies on saliva as a diagnostic fluid have focused on humans, primates and rodents, and the development of salivary analysis in monitoring health in farm animals including pigs has received only limited consideration. The porcine salivary proteome has been characterised by 2D-electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Major and minor proteins have been identified. The use of saliva as a non-invasive biological fluid in monitoring health and disease in pigs will be reviewed, together with the potential use of proteomics for the development of biomarkers. In this review, methods of collection and the composition of porcine saliva will be considered, together with saliva handling and analysis. The overall findings indicate that there is considerable potential for the development of salivary analysis as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid in the pig, and that it offers advantages over other body fluids in this animal.

Evaluation of oral fluid as an aggregate sample for early detection of African swine fever virus using four independent pen‐based experimental studies

“…Oral fluids contain secretions from the major and minor salivary glands in addition to oral mucosal transudate that enters the mouth by crossing the buccal mucosa from the capillaries (Atkinson et al., 1993; Gutiérrez et al., 2011, 2014). Ingestion is the main route of ASFV transmission in domestic pigs (Guinat et al., 2016a; Taylor et al., 2020).…”

An efficient method for saliva collection from mature pigs to determine their enzymatic and electrolytic profiles

“…The three pairs of salivary glands (parotid, sub-mandibular, and sublingual) along with the minor salivary glands of the oral mucosa account for approximately 90% of the oral fluid produced [ 17 ]. Saliva is approximately 99% water, and electrolytes, proteins, enzymes, mucins, and nitrogen-based compounds constitute the last 1% [ 9 ]. It contains a diverse array of locally synthesized and systemic proteins that can act as biomarkers [ 11 ].…”

Impact of animal saliva on the performance of rapid antigen tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 (wildtype and variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351)

“…Saliva from cat and farm animals as sheep, goats, and cattle were obtained by passive drool collection. For collecting substances of swine saliva, a chewing-rope was used as previously described (M Gutierrez et al, 2014 ) and the wet part of the rope was eluted before applying it in antigen assay and RT-qPCR. Of note, collected saliva was processed by centrifugation at 14,000 rpm/30 min and filtration by 0.2 µm filters to remove any debris.…”